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the little one is asleep

1 one

1. noun
1) (the number or figure 1: One and one is two (1 + 1 = 2).) en, et; ett(all)

2) (the age of 1: Babies start to talk at one.) ettårsalder
2. pronoun
1) (a single person or thing: She's the one I like the best; I'll buy the red one.) den(ne)/det(te); den/det røde osv.

2) (anyone; any person: One can see the city from here.) en, man
3. adjective
1) (1 in number: one person; He took one book.) en

2) (aged 1: The baby will be one tomorrow.) ett (år gammel)

3) (of the same opinion etc: We are one in our love of freedom.) som én, av samme mening

•

- one-
- oneself
- one-night stand
- one-off
- one-parent family
- one-sided
- one-way
- one-year-old 4. adjective
((of a person, animal or thing) that is one year old.) ettårs-, ettårig

- all one
- be one up on a person
- be one up on
- not be oneself
- one and all
- one another
- one by one
- one or two
I
subst. \/wʌn\/

1) ettall

• write down a one

skriv ned et ettall

2) ener

3) enhet

be a one for ( hverdagslig) være gal etter

by ones en og en, en av gangen

by ones and twos enkeltvis og to av gangen, en og en og to og to

never a one ( hverdagslig) ikke en eneste en

you are a one! ( hverdagslig) du er en fin en!
II
determ. \/wʌn\/

1) en, et, ett

• one dozen roses

et dusin roser

• one third said no

en tredjedel sa nei

• he called me one afternoon

han ringte meg en ettermiddag

• one day I'll make it

en dag skal jeg klare det

• one summer in Mexico

en sommer jeg var i Mexico

• one hundred pairs of shoes

(ett) hundre par sko

• one thing is necessary

en ting er nødvendig

2) eneste

• the one (and only) thing that matters

det eneste som betyr noe

3) den ene, det ene

• blind in one eye

blind på det ene øyet

• the face of one of them

den enes ansikt

• she lost one of her arms

hun mistet den ene armen

4) (en og) samme

• they all went off in one direction

de gikk alle i en og samme retning

at one enige, i harmoni

• we were at one

vi var enige

at one with i ett med

• I've always felt at one with nature

jeg har alltid kjent meg i ett med naturen

be all one to somebody være det samme for noen, komme ut på ett for noen

• it's all one to me

det er det samme for meg

become one bli ett

• they became one

de ble ett

be one of være en av, høre til

• he's one of those who watch TV all day

han er en av dem som ser på TV hele dagen

be one with være ett med, høre sammen med være enig med

for one for noens vedkommende, hva noen angår

• I for one

jeg for min del

for one thing for det første, først og fremst for eksempel

get something in one ( hverdagslig) greie noe ved første forsøk gjette riktig med det samme

(all) in one (alt) i ett i forening, i samstemmighet til sammen i en og samme person

• he is President and Secretary in one

han er både president og sekretær

a new one ( hverdagslig) noe nytt

• that's a new one on me

det var nytt for meg

not one ikke en eneste en

one after another eller one after the other den ene etter den andre, etter hverandre

• one after another went out

den ene etter den andre gikk ut

• they came one after the other

de kom etter hverandre

• difficulties arose one after the other

den ene vanskeligheten etter den andre dukket opp

one and a half en og en halv, halvannen

one and all hver eneste en, alle sammen, alle som en

one and another både den ene og den andre

the one and only...! den\/det eneste ene...!, den uforlignelige!

one at a time eller one at the time en og en, en av gangen

one by one en og en, en av gangen den ene etter den andre

one half of halvparten av, halvdelen av

one or other den ene eller den andre, en eller annen

one or the other en av delene, ett av to

• marry her or leave her, one or the other

one or two et par (stykker), to-tre (stykker)

(the) one... the other (det) ene.. det andre, en... en annen, den første... den neste

one thing and\/with another det ene med det andre

one with another det ene med det andre i gjennomsnitt, stort sett

tell (the) one from the other skjelne det ene fra det andre, skjelne noe fra hverandre

• it is difficult to tell (the) one from the other

det er vanskelig å skjelne dem fra hverandre
III
pron. \/wʌn\/

1) man, en

• it hurts one to be told the truth

2) ( refleksiv) seg

• pull after one

dra etter seg

• push before one

dytte foran seg

3) en (viss)

• one Mr. John Smith

4) en, noen, noe, den

• I lose a friend and you gain one

• where is my umbrella? - you didn't bring one

• he is not a great man, but he hopes to become one

han er ingen stor mann, men han håper på å bli det

• the scoundrel - anyway he looked one

den skurken - han så ut som en i alle fall

• this problem is one of great difficulty

dette problemet er veldig vanskelig

• he is not one to desert a friend

han er ikke den som svikter en venn

• he behaved like one possessed

han oppførte seg som besatt

5) (etter adjektiv og som adjektiv brukt som substantiv, ofte uten tilsvarende i norsk) en, (som) sådan

• take the red box, not the black one

ta den røde boksen, ikke den svarte

• do you want hard pears or soft ones?

vil du ha harde eller myke pærer?

• pick me out a good one!

finn en fin en til meg!

• give me some good ones!

gi meg noen fine noen!

• he was a soldier and a brave one

han var en soldat, og en tapper sådan

• a black stetson and a white one

en svart og en hvit stetsonhatt

• the gold coin and the silver one

gullmynten og sølvmynten

• my life has been a long one

mitt liv har vært langt

• he's a nasty one

han er en fæl en

be one for something å like, å være glad i

• I've never been one for parties

jeg har aldri vært glad i selskaper

get one on the jaw ( hverdagslig) få seg en på tygga

get something in one lykkes med noe på første forsøk

have one on me! ta en drink, jeg spanderer!

lay about one slå om seg

the little one den lille

• the little one is asleep

den lille sover

little ones smårollinger, små, unger

• the cat has little ones

katten har unger

my dear ones mine kjære

the one den

• the one in the window

den i vinduet

• that man is the one who stole my watch

den mannen er han som stjal klokken min

• I was the one who pulled him out of the water

det var jeg som drog ham opp av vannet

• he is not the one to desert a friend

han er ikke den som svikter en venn

• these books are the very ones that disappeared

disse bøkene er de samme som forsvant

one's ens, sin, sitt, sine

• one's own children are always the best

ens egne barn er alltid de beste

• one must always be on one's guard

man må alltid være på vakt

• one has to do one's best

man må gjøre sitt beste

one too many en (alkoholholdig drink) for mye

• the party was good, but I had one too many, I'm afraid

festen var bra, men jeg er redd jeg drakk for mye

that one den der

• that one will do

den der duger

that was one for you! ett poeng til deg! den satt!

that was one on you! der fikk du!, den var myntet på deg!

which one hvilken

• which ones do you like?

hvilke liker du?

English-Norwegian dictionary > one
2 piccolo

1. adj small, little

di statura short

meschino petty

2. m, piccola f child

la gatta con i suoi piccoli the cat and her young

da piccolo as a child

fin da piccolo since I/he was a child

* * *

piccolo agg.

1 little; ( di dimensioni ridotte) small; ( piccolissimo) tiny: una piccola casa, a small house; mi ha dato un piccolo aiuto, he gave me a little help; daremo una piccola festa, we'll give a little (o small) party; ha trovato un piccolo lavoro, he has found a little job; una famiglia piccola, a small family; un piccolo numero di persone, a small number of people; un piccolo lago, a small lake; piccola somma, small sum; passami il cacciavite piccolo, pass me the small screwdriver; adoro il tuo piccolo gattino rosso, I adore your little ginger kitten; abbiamo trascorso l'estate in una piccola isola del sud, we spent the summer on a little island in the south; libro, volume di formato piccolo, book, volume of small format; un piatto più piccolo, a smaller plate; è una piccola stanza, it is a small room; ha le mani molto piccole, she has tiny hands; il maglione blu è troppo piccolo per me, the blue sweater is too small for me; non ho avuto neanche una piccola soddisfazione in quel lavoro, I didn't have even a tiny bit of satisfaction in that job; le medicine vanno prese a piccole dosi, medicines are to be taken in small doses // piccolo borghese, petty bourgeois (o lower middle-class person); piccola borghesia, petty bourgeoisie (o lower middle class) // ore piccole, small hours: fare le ore piccole, to stay up till the small hours // farsi piccolo, to cower; (fig.) to belittle oneself: il bimbo si fece piccolo per evitare lo schiaffo, the child cowered before the blow // (econ.): piccola impresa, small business (o firm); piccolo possidente, small landowner; piccole spese, petty (o incidental o out-of-pocket) expenses; piccolo reddito, capitale, small income, capital; piccolo commerciante, small tradesman; piccolo speculatore, punter; piccola industria, small-scale industry; piccola pubblicità, classified advertisements (o want ads) // (banca) piccolo credito, personal loan // (dir.) piccolo fallimento, small bankruptcy ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, little traduce spesso i vezzeggiativi e i diminutivi italiani

2 ( di statura) short: un uomo piccolo, a short man

3 ( giovane) young, small; little: il figlio più piccolo, the youngest son; è troppo piccolo per capire, he's too young (o small) to understand; ha un bambino piccolo, she has a little baby

4 ( secondario, lieve) slight, trifling, small, petty: piccolo difetto, slight fault; piccolo errore, trifling error; piccolo inconveniente, a slight snag (o drawback); piccola indisposizione, slight indisposition; le piccole noie della vita, the petty troubles of life; piccole preoccupazioni, small worries; è solo una piccola cosa, it is only a petty thing (o a trifle); un piccolo dettaglio, a minor detail

5 ( meschino) mean, petty; ( limitato) narrow: mente piccola, narrow (o small) mind: una persona dalla mente piccola, a narrow-minded person

6 ( breve) short, brief: piccolo discorso, short speech; una piccola distanza, a short distance; piccoli passi, short steps: il bambino camminava a piccoli passi, the child was taking short steps; una piccola vacanza, a short (o brief) holiday

7 ( leggero) light: un piccolo colpo sulla spalla, a light touch (o tap) on the shoulder

◆ s.m.

1 (small) child, little one; (fam.) kid: il piccolo si addormentò, the baby (o little one) fell asleep; ha tre figli: il piccolo ha solo tre mesi, he has three children: the youngest is only three months old; i più piccoli si sedettero davanti, the smaller ones sat in front; libri per i piccoli, books for kids // da piccolo, as a child: da piccolo era biondo, as a child he was blond; fin da piccolo ha amato la musica, he has loved music since he was little

2 in piccolo, small: nel proprio piccolo, in one's small way; la casa, nel suo piccolo, è perfetta per noi, the house, small as it is, is perfect for us; l'azienda, nel suo piccolo, ha raddoppiato il fatturato, the company, small as it is, has doubled its turnover; nel nostro piccolo cerchiamo di fare qualcosa, in our own little way, we try to do something; è una copia in piccolo del Colosseo, it's a miniature model of the Colosseum

3 ( di cane) pup, puppy; ( di gatto) kitten; ( di grosso mammifero) calf*; ( di volatile) chick; ( di ogni animale) joey: i cani e i loro piccoli, dogs and their young; i piccoli del leone, della tigre, the lion, tiger cubs.

* * *
['pikkolo] piccolo (-a)
1. agg

1) (oggetto, misura) small, (vezzeggiativo) little

ho una macchina molto piccola — I have a very small car

me ne dia uno più piccolo — give me a smaller one

qual è la stanza più piccola della casa? — which is the smallest room in the house?

una piccola casetta in campagna — a little house in the country

è piccolo di statura — he is small, he is of small stature

è più piccolo di me — he is smaller than me

com'è piccolo il mondo! — it's a small world!

2) (giovane) young, small, little, (vezzeggiativo) little

un bambino piccolo — a little boy

è ancora troppo piccolo — he's still too young

bambini piccoli — young children

mio fratello più piccolo — my younger o little brother

Paolo è il più piccolo dei fratelli — Paolo is the youngest of the brothers

3) (di poco conto: difetto) slight, (regalo) little, (dettaglio) minor

4) (breve: viaggio, lettera) short

5) (modesto) small, fig, (pegg : meschino) petty, mean

piccolo possidente — smallholder

la piccola borghesia — the lower middle-classes pl, pegg the petty bourgeoisie

farsi piccolo — (umile) to make o.s. small, to cower

2. sm/f

(bambino) (small) child, small boy (girl), (vezzeggiativo) little one

da piccolo — as a child

da piccola ero molto timida — I was very shy as a child

3. sm

in piccolo — in miniature

mi sembra il Colosseo in piccolo — it's like a miniature version of the Colosseum

nel mio piccolo — in my own small way

(di animale) piccoli smpl — young pl

la gatta e i suoi piccoli — the cat and her kittens

la volpe e i suoi piccoli — the vixen and her young o cubs

* * *
['pikkolo] 1.
aggettivo

1) (di grandezza) [persona, parte del corpo, oggetto] small, little

è piccolo per la sua età — he's short for his age

2) (di lunghezza, durata) [distanza, pausa] short

3) (di età) young, little

è la più -a — she's the youngest

i due bambini più -i — the two younger children

ha parlato di quando era piccolo — he spoke of when he was a child

è il nostro figlio più piccolo — he's our youngest

4) (in quantità) [somma, aumento, gruppo] small; [cenno, sorriso] little; [ porzione] undersized, small

fai un piccolo sforzo — make a bit of an effort

5) (poco importante) [particolare, difetto, operazione] minor; [inconveniente, incidente] slight, minor; [ cambiamento] slight, small; [furto, spese] petty

pesci -i — fig. small fry

6) (modesto) [dono, favore] little

7) (meschino, ristretto) [ persona] petty, mean

8) (di secondo piano) [impresa, azionista] small

- a nobiltà — minor aristocracy
2.
sostantivo maschile (f. -a)

1) (bambino) baby, child*

da piccolo era un monello — when he was little he was a pest

ho imparato a nuotare da piccolo — I learnt how to swim when I was a child

2) (cucciolo) baby

piccolo di scimmia, pinguino — baby monkey, penguin

i mammiferi allattano i loro -i — mammals suckle their young

la leonessa e i suoi -i — the lioness and her cubs

3) in piccolo in small; [ riprodurre] on a small scale

è Venezia in piccolo — it's a miniature Venice

•

piccolo trotto — equit. jog trot

••

nel mio, suo piccolo — in my, his own small way
••
Note:

L'aggettivo piccolo è reso in inglese principalmente da small e little. Pur rinviando agli esempi d'uso più sotto nella voce, si può anticipare che small descrive semplicemente le dimensioni di qualcosa, mentre little connota il termine a cui si riferisce come qualcosa o qualcuno di gradevolmente piccolo oppure di poco importante

* * *

piccolo

/'pikkolo/

L'aggettivo piccolo è reso in inglese principalmente da small e little. Pur rinviando agli esempi d'uso più sotto nella voce, si può anticipare che small descrive semplicemente le dimensioni di qualcosa, mentre little connota il termine a cui si riferisce come qualcosa o qualcuno di gradevolmente piccolo oppure di poco importante.

I aggettivo

1 (di grandezza) [persona, parte del corpo, oggetto] small, little; è piccolo per la sua età he's short for his age

2 (di lunghezza, durata) [distanza, pausa] short

3 (di età) young, little; è la più -a she's the youngest; i due bambini più -i the two younger children; ha parlato di quando era piccolo he spoke of when he was a child; è il nostro figlio più piccolo he's our youngest

4 (in quantità) [somma, aumento, gruppo] small; [cenno, sorriso] little; [ porzione] undersized, small; fai un piccolo sforzo make a bit of an effort

5 (poco importante) [particolare, difetto, operazione] minor; [inconveniente, incidente] slight, minor; [ cambiamento] slight, small; [furto, spese] petty; pesci -i fig. small fry

6 (modesto) [dono, favore] little

7 (meschino, ristretto) [ persona] petty, mean

8 (di secondo piano) [impresa, azionista] small; - a nobiltà minor aristocracy

II sostantivo maschile

(f. -a)

1 (bambino) baby, child*; da piccolo era un monello when he was little he was a pest; ho imparato a nuotare da piccolo I learnt how to swim when I was a child

2 (cucciolo) baby; piccolo di scimmia, pinguino baby monkey, penguin; i mammiferi allattano i loro -i mammals suckle their young; la leonessa e i suoi -i the lioness and her cubs

3 in piccolo in small; [ riprodurre] on a small scale; è Venezia in piccolo it's a miniature Venice

IDIOMS

nel mio, suo piccolo in my, his own small way

\

COMPOUNDS

piccolo trotto equit. jog trot.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > piccolo
3 top

̈ɪtɔp I
1. сущ.
1) а) верхушка, вершина( мачты, горы и т.д.) ;
мор. марс б) макушка( головы, дерева) в) купол, шпиль г) обыкн. мн. ботва( у корнеплодов) д) горн. кровля( выработки) е) мн. отвороты (у сапог) ;
высокие сапоги с отворотами ж) метал. колошник (верхняя часть доменной печи)
2) а) верхний конец, верхняя поверхность, верхняя часть box top ≈ крышка коробки screw top ≈ головка винта б) верх (экипажа, лестницы, страницы) ;
в) крышка (кастрюли) to put on, screw on a top ≈ надеть, завинтить крышку to screw off, unscrew a top ≈ снять, отвинтить, открыть крышку bottle top ≈ пробка от бутылки г) верхний обрез( книги)
3) а) высшее, первое место to come/rise to the top ≈ всплыть на поверхность;
перен. отличиться come out on top б) высшая ступень, высшая степень;
высшее напряжение в) мн. карт. две старшие карты какой-л. масти (в бридже) ∙ to be/sit on top of the world ≈ быть на седьмом небе to be at the top of the ladder/tree ≈ занимать видное положение( особ. в какой-л. профессии) go over the top
2. прил.
1) верхний Syn: upper
2) а) наибольший, наивысший, максимальный, верхний Syn: the highest, the utmost б) самый главный ∙
3. гл.
1) а) покрывать(ся), накрывать(ся) б) покрывать (новым слоем краски и т. п.) в) с.-х. покрывать
2) а) перевалить (через перевал) ;
перепрыгнуть( через что-л.) б) прям. перен. подняться на вершину в) превышать;
достигать какой-л. величины, веса и т. п. г) превосходить;
быть во главе, быть первым д) увенчивать, доводить до совершенства
3) обрезать верхушку (дерева и т. п.;
тж. top up) Syn: trim ∙ top off top out top up II сущ. волчок (игрушка) the top sleeps (или is asleep) ≈ волчок вертится так, что вращение его незаметно верхушка;
вершина;
макушка - the * of a mountain вершина горы - the of the head макушка - the * of tree верхушка дерева - at the * of the stairs наверху лестницы - * climbers альпинисты, совершающие восхождение на вершину;
штурмовая группа альпинистов верхняя часть, верхний конец - the * of the house верх дома - the * of a page верхняя часть /начало/ страницы - line 5 from the * пятая строчка сверху - the * of a car верх автомобиля (особ. убирающийся) - a * for a kettle крышка чайника - the * of the street верхний конец улицы - the * of the atmosphere верхние слои атмосферы - pajama * верх пижамы;
пижамная куртка шпиль;
купол;
шатер - the * of a church церковный купол верхняя поверхность - box * крышка ящика - the * of a table столешница, крышка стола - put the package on the * of the table положите пакет на стол - on the * of the ground на поверхности земли - she put the best apples on * лучшие яблоки она положила наверх /сверху/ - oil always comes to the * нефть всегда всплывает на поверхность (воды) темя голова - shaved * бритая голова (диалектизм) пучок (волос) (диалектизм) волосы высшая степень, высшая ступень - the * of fashion последний крик моды - the * of the tide высшая точка прилива, полная вода - at the * of one's voice во весь голос;
во всю силу легких - to shout at the * of one's voice кричать во весь голос - at the * of one's speed во весь опор, во всю мочь - at the * of one's career на вершине карьеры - to be on the * of one's form быть в своей лучшей форме, достичь пика формы - to bring smb. to the * of his form подвести кого-л. к пику формы высший ранг, высокое положение;
первое место - at the * of the table во главе стола - to take the * of the table сидеть на самом почетном месте - to be at the * of one's profession занимать ведущее положение в своей области человек, занимающий высокое положение, первое место и т. п. - the * of the class первый ученик в классе - a conference with the *s of government конференция с участием членов правительства - he is the * of his profession он ведущий специалист в своей области лучшая, отборная часть - the * of the crop лучшая часть урожая - the * of the milk сливки - a hotel serving the * of society отель, обслуживающий элиту /сливки общества/ начало, ранний этап - the * of the year начало года pl отвороты (сапог) ;
высокие сапоги с отворотами обыкн. pl (ботаника) ботва - beet *s свекольная ботва перо (лука) (карточное) старшая карта какой-л. масти (в руке одного игрока) (карточное) туз или король( карточное) pl две старшие карты какой-л. масти (в бридже) (горное) кровля (выработки) колошник (морское) марс;
топ pl (химическое) легкие фракции, дистилляты pl ( физическое) звуки верхних частот удар по мячу выше центра (гольф) > on * сверх, вдобавок;
победивший, выигравший > I'm glad you came on * я очень рад, что вы пришли первым > to come out on * победить в состязании /в соревновании/;
занимать видное положение, преуспевать > on * of that вдобавок ко всему;
сверх всего, и без того;
непосредственно за чем-л. > to get another 10 per cent on * of that получать сверх этого еще десять процентов > on * of everything else в первых рядах;
в исключительном положении > on * of smth. сверх чего-л., вдобавок к чему-л.;
держа в своих руках, имея под своим контролем > it's one thing on * of another все время то одно, то другое > on * of it all he wanted to leave her вдобавок ко всему он хотел оставить ее;
мало этого, он хотел еще оставить ее > the conductor was always on * of the music дирижер ни на секунду не терял контроля над оркестром > on * of that, on * of the world в первых рядах;
в исключительном /главенствующем/ положении;
наверху блаженства > to be /to sit, to feel/ on * of the world быть на седьмом небе /на верху блаженства/ > * of the heap самое выгодное положение > (a little bit) off the * не в своем уме > off /out of/ the * of one's head не подумав;
экспромтом;
необдуманный, импровизированный > he just said it off the * of his head он сказал это, не подумав;
это была его первая /непосредственная/ реакция, не надо придавать значения этим его словам > to the * of smb.'s bent совсем, полностью, совершенно;
вволю, сколько душе угодно > from * downward сверху вниз;
с головы до пят > from * to toe с головы до пят;
с головы до ног;
до кончиков ногтей, с головы до ног > they were English from * to toe это были англичане до кончиков ногтей > from * to bottom сверху донизу > (the) * of the morning to you! доброе утро! > to be at the * of the tree /of the ladder/ быть во главе (чего-л.) ;
занимать видное /ведущее/ положение (особ. в какой-л. профессии) > to be at the * of the bill быть гвоздем программы( об актере и т. п.) > to hit the * добраться до самого верха > to come to the * отличиться, добиться успеха /славы/ > to go over the * (военное) идти в атаку( из траншей) ;
ринуться в атаку;
сделать решительный шаг, начать действовать > to be (the) *s быть верхом совершенства > you're *s with me вы для меня верх совершенства > to blow one's * злиться, выходить из себя;
становиться невменяемым > to veer /to go/ over the * перебарщивать, перебирать верхний - the * shelf верхняя полка - the * right hand corner верхний правый угол - * drawer верхний ящик - * storey верхний этаж - * stair /step/ (of the staircase) последняя /верхняя/ ступенька( лестницы) - * garment верхняя одежда - * copy первый экземпляр( машинописного текста) - * milk молоко со сливками;
сливки - * man верхний борец (борьба) - * dead centre( автомобильное) верхняя мертвая точка - * water (гидрология) вода выше продуктивного пласта, верховодка высший, максимальный;
предельный;
последний - * speed наибольшая /предельная скорость - at * speed на предельной скорости - * mark высший балл - * grade высший сорт /класс/ - * level высший уровень - negotiations on the * level переговоры на высшем уровне - * prices самые высокие цены - * note самая высокая нота( у певца) - to be in /on/ * form (спортивное) быть в прекрасной форме, достичь пика формы - * places высшие /призовые/ места - the * place in a class первое место в классе самый главный, самый важный;
высший;
высокопоставленный - * advisers высшие советники - * command верховное командование - * executives высший административно-управленческий персонал - * management высшее руководство, верхушка управляющих - a journal for those in the * bracket of management журнал для высшего эшелона управления - * men люди, занимающие самое высокое /руководящее/ положение (в обществе и т. п.) ;
важные персоны, большие шишки, заправилы - * positions главные /ключевые/ позиции лучший, первый, ведущий - * pupil первый /лучший/ ученик - * specialist ведущий специалист - the * brains of the industry лучшие умы /мозговой трест/ (этой) отрасли промышленности - to come * (in history) (разговорное) оказаться лучшим (по истории) ;
отхватить высший балл (по истории) престижный, привилегированный - * firm фешенебельная фирма > * secret "совершенно секретно" (гриф) > * dog (сленг) победитель > to be the * dog держать все в своих руках > * kick (американизм) (военное) (профессионализм) старшина( роты и т. п.) ;
(американизм) (сленг) большая шишка;
заправила, босс > the * brass( американизм) (сленг) высшие офицеры;
заправилы, высокое начальство;
тузы > the * brass of the government самые влиятельные члены правительства > to be the * dog держать все в своих руках > to come out of the * drawer быть хорошо воспитанным;
принадлежать к высшему обществу снабжать верхушкой;
покрывать (сверху) - to * a box накрыть ящик крышкой - a mountain *ped with snow гора со снежной вершиной срезать верхушку - to * a tree обрезать верхушку дерева - to * and tail срезать оба конца, срезать черенок и хвостик( у крыжовника и т. п.) достигать какого-л. уровня, достигать вершины - to * a hill подняться на холм - the sun *ped the horizon солнце поднялось над горизонтом перевалить (через гору) ;
перепрыгнуть (через что-л.) - to * the ridge перевалить (через) хребет - the horse *ped the fence лошадь перепрыгнула через изгородь быть завершением;
увенчивать, возвышаться - a church *s the hill церковь возвышается на холме - *ped with a steeple увенчанный шпилем - a statue *s the column колонна увенчана статуей быть во главе;
стоять на первом месте - to * the list быть первым в списке, открывать список - she has never *ped the fifth place она никогда не поднималась выше пятого места быть больше( какой-л. величины) - to * smth. in height быть выше чего-л. - he *s his father by half a head он выше отца на полголовы - the fish *ped 75 pounds рыба весила больше 75 фунтов - he *ped my score by at least ten points он опередил меня по крайней мере на десять очков превосходить, быть первым - to * everyone in tennis лучше всех играть в теннис - to * the class быть лучшим в классе - it *s all I ever saw это превосходит все, что я когда-либо видел;
ничего подобного /похожего/ я еще не видел покрывать (новой краской), подкрашивать( сельскохозяйственное) производить подкормку (посевов) (спортивное) ударять( по мячу) сверху (сельскохозяйственное) вывершивать (стог, скирду) (сельскохозяйственное) покрывать > to * one's fruit показывать товар лицом > to * one's part (театроведение) прекрасно сыграть свою роль;
выходить за рамки образа;
выдержать роль > and to * it all в довершение всего;
вдобавок ко всем несчастьям волчок - the * sleeps /is asleep/ волчок вертится так, что вращение незаметно > old * старина, дружище > to sleep like /as sound as, as fast as/ a * крепко спать, спать мертвым сном ~ высшая ступень, высшая степень;
высшее напряжение;
at the top of one's voice( speed) во весь голос (опор) voice: at the top of one's ~ громко, громогласно;
to teach voice заниматься постановкой голоса;
ставить голос;
to lift up one's voice заговорить to be at the ~ of the ladder (или tree) занимать видное положение (особ. в какой-л. профессии) to be (или to sit) on ~ of the world быть на седьмом небе big ~ разг. купол цирка big ~ разг. цирк to come out on ~ победить в состязании, выйти на первое место to come out on ~ преуспевать в жизни;
to come (или to rise) to the top всплыть на поверхность;
перен. отличиться to come out on ~ преуспевать в жизни;
to come (или to rise) to the top всплыть на поверхность;
перен. отличиться from ~ to toe с ног до головы;
с головы до пят;
from top to bottom сверху донизу from ~ to toe с ног до головы;
с головы до пят;
from top to bottom сверху донизу to go over the ~ воен. идти в атаку to go over the ~ сделать решительный шаг;
начать решительно действовать;
on top of everything else в добавление ко всему ~ превышать;
достигать (какой-л.) величины (веса и т. п.) ;
he tops his father by a head он на целую голову выше отца;
he tops six feet он шести футов ростом ~ превышать;
достигать (какой-л.) величины (веса и т. п.) ;
he tops his father by a head он на целую голову выше отца;
he tops six feet он шести футов ростом top покрывать (сверху), снабжать верхушкой (куполом и т. п.) ;
the mountain was topped with snow вершина горы была покрыта снегом negotiations at ~ level переговоры на высшем уровне ~ мор. марс;
(a little bit) off the top не в своем уме ~ волчок (игрушка) ;
the top sleeps (или is asleep) волчок вертится так, что вращение его незаметно;
old top старина, дружище to go over the ~ сделать решительный шаг;
начать решительно действовать;
on top of everything else в добавление ко всему to take the ~ of the table сидеть во главе стола ~ off заканчивать, завершать;
they topped off their dinner with fruit в конце обеда им были поданы фрукты;
top up доливать, досыпать (доверху) ~ превосходить;
быть во главе, быть первым;
this picture tops all I have ever seen эта картина - лучшее из того, что я когда-л. видел top покрывать (сверху), снабжать верхушкой (куполом и т. п.) ;
the mountain was topped with snow вершина горы была покрыта снегом ~ (обыкн. pl) ботва (корнеплодов) ~ верхний;
the top shelf верхняя полка ~ верхний конец, верхняя поверхность;
верх (экипажа, лестницы, страницы) ;
крышка (кастрюли) ;
верхний обрез (книги) ;
top of milk пенка молока ~ верхушка, вершина (горы) ;
макушка (головы, дерева) ~ волчок (игрушка) ;
the top sleeps (или is asleep) волчок вертится так, что вращение его незаметно;
old top старина, дружище ~ высшая ступень, высшая степень;
высшее напряжение;
at the top of one's voice (speed) во весь голос (опор) ~ высшая ступень ~ высшая точка ~ высшая точка курса акций ~ высшая цена ~ высшее, первое место ~ высший ~ метал. колошник ~ горн. кровля (выработки) ~ мор. марс;
(a little bit) off the top не в своем уме ~ pl карт. две старшие карты (какой-л.) масти (в бридже) ~ наивысший, максимальный;
top speed самая большая скорость;
top price самая высокая цена ~ обрезать верхушку (дерева и т. п.;
тж. top up) ~ pl отвороты (сапог) ;
высокие сапоги с отворотами ~ подняться на вершину;
перевалить (через гору) ;
перепрыгнуть (через что-л.) ~ с.-х. покрывать ~ покрывать (новой краской и т. п.) ~ превосходить;
быть во главе, быть первым;
this picture tops all I have ever seen эта картина - лучшее из того, что я когда-л. видел ~ превосходить ~ превышать;
достигать (какой-л.) величины (веса и т. п.) ;
he tops his father by a head он на целую голову выше отца;
he tops six feet он шести футов ростом ~ превышать ~ самый главный;
top men люди, занимающие самое высокое положение;
top secret совершенно секретно ~ увенчивать, доводить до совершенства;
to top one's part прекрасно сыграть свою роль ~ шпиль, купол ~ самый главный;
top men люди, занимающие самое высокое положение;
top secret совершенно секретно ~ of form начало страницы ~ верхний конец, верхняя поверхность;
верх (экипажа, лестницы, страницы) ;
крышка (кастрюли) ;
верхний обрез (книги) ;
top of milk пенка молока ~ of stack вчт. вершина стека ~ of stack pointer вчт. указатель вершины стека ~ off заканчивать, завершать;
they topped off their dinner with fruit в конце обеда им были поданы фрукты;
top up доливать, досыпать (доверху) ~ off отделывать;
украшать to ~ one's fruit укладывать наверху лучшие фрукты ~ увенчивать, доводить до совершенства;
to top one's part прекрасно сыграть свою роль ~ самый главный;
top men люди, занимающие самое высокое положение;
top secret совершенно секретно ~ верхний;
the top shelf верхняя полка ~ волчок (игрушка) ;
the top sleeps (или is asleep) волчок вертится так, что вращение его незаметно;
old top старина, дружище ~ наивысший, максимальный;
top speed самая большая скорость;
top price самая высокая цена ~ off заканчивать, завершать;
they topped off their dinner with fruit в конце обеда им были поданы фрукты;
top up доливать, досыпать (доверху)

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > top
4 في

في \ a; an; each; every: twice a day; 80 miles an hour. at: (showing where): at home; at the office, (showing a point of time) at midday; at 4 o’clock; He was married at 18, (after an adj) good at English; quick at sums. by: during: We travelled by night. in: showing where: In bed; in London; in the box; in his speech, showing condition In a hurry; in trouble, showing a direction; into He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket, showing when; during In the past; in January 1980; in the evening, showing what sth. contains or includes There are 60 minutes in an hour. Is he in your team?, showing what sb. wears He was in his best suit, showing a shape or arrangement They stood in a row, showing employment or activity or an event He’s in the navy. She was killed in the accident. on: showing when: on Monday; on May the 6th. showing the state of sb.:: Are you here on business or on holiday?. per: for each: He earns $8000 per annum (for each year). \ في (أيّ مَكَان)‏ \ anywhere: in or to any place: Are you going anywhere?. \ See Also إلى( إلى)‏ \ في \ home: to or at one’s house: Go home! Is your son home yet?. \ See Also إلى البيت \ في \ inside: on (or to) the inside. \ See Also إلى الداخل \ في \ inland: away from the sea: We crossed the coast and flew inland. \ See Also إلى داخل البلاد \ في \ indoors: into (or in) a building: He went (or He stayed) indoors because of the rain. \ See Also إلى داخل البيت \ في \ on board: on (or onto) a ship or aeroplane: There are 70 men on board. Can I go on board the aircraft?. \ See Also إلى دَاخِل الطَّائِرَة \ في \ upstairs: on, at or to a higher floor; up the stairs; at the top of the stairs: She went upstairs because her room is upstairs. She has an upstairs bedroom. \ See Also إلى الدَّور الأَعْلى \ في \ low: to or in a low position: The sun had sunk low in the sky. \ See Also إلى وَضْع مُنْخفِض \ في \ whereabouts: in or near which place: Whereabouts did you find this ring?. \ See Also قرب أيّ مكان؟ \ في \ upstream: against the flow of the stream; up the river: They rowed (the boat) upstream. \ See Also نَحْوَ أعلى النَّهر \ في الاتجاه المعاكس \ backward(s): towards the back: He fell over backwards. \ في أَثَر \ after: following, in search of: I ran after him but could not catch him. The police are after him. \ في أثناء الخِدْمَة (خارج أوقات الخِدمة)‏ \ on duty, (off duty): at work (not at work): The night nurse has 12 hours on duty, then 12 hours off duty. She went on duty at 18.00 and came off duty at 06.00. \ في أثناء ذلك \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في إجازة \ off: free from work: My employer gave me the afternoon off. \ See Also عطلة (عُطْلَة)‏ \ في أَحْسَن الأَحْوَال \ at best: in the most hopeful conditions: At best, we can’t be ready till Tuesday. \ في آخر \ eventually: in the end: The car kept stopping, but we got home eventually. ultimately: in the end: We must all, ultimately, die. \ See Also نهاية الأمر \ في آخر رَمَق \ on one’s last legs: (of a person or thing) not expected to last much longer; worn out; almost in ruins: That company is on its last legs. \ في آخر لحظة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في أَرْجَاء \ about: from place to place in: We wandered about the town. round: (also around) from place to place: He wandered (a)round (the town). We travelled (a)round (the country). \ في أَسْفَل \ under: (also underneath), in a lower position. underneath: (of position) below: It was hidden underneath the floor boards. \ See Also الأسفل (الأَسْفَل)‏ \ في الأَصْل \ originally: in the beginning: This school was originally a rich man’s home. \ في الأَعْلَى \ up: in or to higher position: She lives up in the hills. \ في أغلب الظَّنّ \ doubtless: probably: It will doubtless rain on the day of the garden party. \ في أَفْضَل حَالَة \ at one’s best: in one’s best state: My garden is at its best in spring. \ في أقلّ مِن \ within: in less than: He will arrive within an hour. I live within a mile of the sea. \ في الأمام \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في أَوَاخِر \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الأوْج \ in full swing: (of an activity) at its highest point; very busy: The party was in full swing when I arrived. \ في أوجِ الإزْهَار \ in bloom: flowering: The roses are in bloom now. \ في أيّ مَكَان \ anywhere: in no matter what place: Put it down anywhere. \ في أيّ وقت \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في أيّ وقت مَضَى \ ever: (in a comparative sentence) at any time: He’s working harder than ever. This is the best book I’ve ever read. \ في بادئ الأمر \ at first: at the beginning: At first the new school seemed strange, but then we got used to it. \ في البَدْء \ primarily: mainly; in the first place: This book is written primarily for foreigners. \ See Also أصلا (أَصْلاً)، أساسا (أساسًا)‏ \ في بعض الوقت \ part-time: for only part of the usual working time: She’s a part-time teacher. \ في البيت \ at home: in one’s house: He’s at home in the evenings. \ في البيت المُجَاوِر \ next, next door: in the next house: He lives next door. He is my nextdoor neighbour. \ في تَحَسُّن (من النّاحية الصحّية)‏ \ on the mend: getting better in health (after an illness). \ في تِلْكَ الحالةِ \ in that case: if that happens, or has happened: He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him, if that happens, or has happened He may be late. In that case, we shall go without him. \ في تِلْكَ اللَّحظة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. \ في التَّوّ \ straight away: at once. \ في جانب \ in favour of: supporting: I’m in favour of your plans. \ في الجَانِب الآخَر مِن \ across: on the other side of: My home is across the river. \ في جانب \ for: in favour of: Are you for this idea or against it?. \ See Also صف (صَفّ)‏ \ في جزء أدنى مِن \ down: at a lower level: My house is a little way down the hill. \ في الجِوَار \ about: around; near: There’s a lot of illness about. I went out early, when no one was about (when no one else was out). \ في الحَال \ at once: without delay: Stop that at once!. away: right away; straight away. immediately: at once. instantly: at once. on the spot: in that place and at that moment: He gave me the bill and I paid it on the spot. readily: without delay: The book you need is not readily obtainable. straight away: at once. \ في حَالَةِ \ at: (showing a state): at war; at play. on: showing the state of sth.: The house is on fire. \ في حَالَة حَسَنَة \ well, (better, best): the opposite of ill and unwell; in good health: Don’t you feel well? You’ll soon get better if you drink this medicine. How are you? Very well, thank you. I feel best in the early morning (better than at any other time). \ في حَالَة سَيِّئَة \ in a bad way: in a bad state. \ في حَالَة عَدَم توفُّر \ failing: giving a second choice of action, if the first choice fails: Ask John to do it. Failing him, ask Michael. \ في حَالَة فَوْضَى \ chaotic: in a state of chaos: The young teacher had a chaotic classroom. \ في حَالَةِ وُجُود \ in case of: in the event of; if there is: In case of fire, ring the bell. \ في حَالَةِ ما إِذَا \ in case: because of the possibility of sth. happening: Take a stick, in case you meet a snake. \ في حركة دائِمة \ on the move: moving; travelling: He’s always on the move and never settles for long. \ في الحَقِيقَة \ as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. in reality: in fact. really: truly; in fact: Is he really your son? He does not look like you!. \ في حَيْرَة من أَمْره \ at one’s wits’ end: too worried by difficulties to know what to do. \ في حين \ whereas: but: They are looking for a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. \ في حينه \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في الخَارِج \ abroad: in or to another country: I spent my holiday abroad. out: in (or into) the open; away from shelter; in (or into) view: Don’t stand out in the rain. The ship was far out at sea. out of door, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outside: not within; in the open air; on the outer side: It’s raining outside. The cup is blue outside, and white inside. overseas: across the sea; (to the British, the mainland of Europe is abroad but it is not overseas): She is working overseas, in South America. \ في خِدمَة... \ at one’s service: ready to fulfil one’s needs: The hotel car is at your service if you want to go anywhere. \ في خَريف العُمر \ middle-aged: neither young nor old; aged between about 40 and 65. \ في خطٍّ مُستقيم \ as the crow flies: in a straight line: It is 5 miles away by road, but only 2 miles as the crow flies. \ فِي الخَفَاء \ stealth: by stealth using secret and quiet action: He got into the house by stealth, not by force. \ في خِلال \ in: showing a space of time before sth. will happen; after: I’ll come in a few days (or in a minute). in the course of: during: In the course of the morning I had seven visitors. \ في الدّاخل \ in: in a building, esp. at home, work or where one is expected to be: Is anyone in? I’m afraid Mr. Jones is out, but he’ll be in at 5 o’clock. \ في داخِل \ in: showing a direction; into: He fell in the river. He put his hand in his pocket. inside: on (or to) the inside of: Please wait inside the room. \ في داخِل النَّفْس \ inwardly: secretly; as regards one’s inner feelings: I was inwardly delighted, but I pretended not to care. \ في دَرَجَة الغَلَيان \ on the boil: boiling; at this heat. \ في ذلك المكان \ there: at that place: I live there. \ في رأيي \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في سَبِيل \ in the process of: to be doing: I am in the process of painting my house. sake, for the sake, of, for sb.’s sake: for the good of; so as to help: Soldiers die for the sake of their county (or for their country’s sake). Don’t take any risks for my sake, for the desire of Why ruin your health for the sake of a little pleasure?. \ في سِنّ المُرَاهَقَة \ teenage: in one’s teens: a teenage girl. \ في شكّ \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ في صحَّة جيِّدة \ fit: healthy: We take exercise so as to keep fit. \ في صَفّ \ in single file: in one line, one behind the other: We had to ride in single file down the narrow path. \ في الطّابِق الأَسْفل \ downstairs: at the bottom of the stairs; in a room at that level: I’ll wait for you downstairs. \ في الطّابِق الفوقانيّ \ overhead: above one’s head: a noise in the room overhead; clouds in the sky overhead. \ في طَرَف \ up: along (up and down are both used like this, although the course may be quite level): He lives just up the road. \ في طريق النُّور \ in sb.’s light: preventing light from reaching him: I can’t read if you stand in my light. \ في الظّاهر \ outwardly: as regards the appearance (compared with the hidden facts or inner feelings): She was outwardly calm but inwardly full of anger. \ في العَام \ annual: happening every year; of a year: an annual feast; the annual production of oil. \ في عَجلة من أمره \ in a hurry: Ants are always in a hurry. \ في العَرَاء \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under she stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في (عُرض) البَحْر \ at sea: on the sea; far from land: a storm at sea. \ في عُطلة \ on holiday, on vacation: having a holiday: The schools are on holiday. We’re going on vacation to the sea. \ See Also إجازة( إجازة)‏ \ في غابر الأزمان (كان يا ما كان...)‏ \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ في الغَالِب \ mainly: chiefly; mostly. \ في غالِب الظنّ \ probably: almost certainly; with little doubt: You’re probably right. \ في غاية الجُنون \ raving mad: noisily and violently mad. \ في غَمْضَة عَيْن \ in no time: very quickly; very soon: If you follow this path, you’ll get there in no time. \ في غِيَابِه \ behind sb.’s back: when someone is not present: He tells untrue stories about me behind my back. \ في كُلٍّ \ a; an; each; every: twice a day. 80 miles an hour. ten pence a packet. \ في كل مكان \ everywhere: in all places: I’ve looked for it everywhere. \ في كل وقت \ ever: at all times; always: I shall stay there for ever. \ في لحظة خاطفة \ in a flash: very quickly and suddenly: He seized the money and was gone in a flash. \ في اللحظة المناسبة \ in the nick of time: just in time; almost too late: She saved him in the nick of time from falling over the cliff. \ في اللَّيْل \ at night: during the night. overnight: for the night: I shall stay at a hotel overnight and come back tomorrow, on the night before; during the night I packed my suitcase overnight, so as to be ready to leave at sunrise. His car was stolen overnight. \ في المائَة \ per cent: for, out, of, each hundred: Six per cent of the boys failed the exam, (one part) of each hundred I’m a 100 per cent in agreement with you. About 70 per cent (written as 70%) of the people are farmers. \ في المُتَنَاوَل \ forthcoming: supplied when needed: We wanted a new school clock, but the money was not forthcoming. \ في مُتَناوَل \ within: inside; not beyond; within reach; within one’s powers. \ في متناول اليَد \ at hand: near; within reach: Help was at hand. handy: near; easily reached when wanted: Keep that book handy so that you can look at it often. \ في مَجْمُوعَة بين \ among(st): in the middle of; mixed with; surrounded by: I found this letter among my books. There is a secret enemy amongst us. \ في مِحْنة خَطَر \ in distress: (of a ship or aeroplane) in dangerous trouble; needing help. \ في المُدّة الأخيرة \ lately: not long ago; in the near past: Have you seen her lately?. \ في المرَّة التالية \ next: the next time: I’ll give it to you when I next see you. \ See Also القادمة \ في مُقَابِل \ for: showing that something is as a return or in place of: I gave him $5 for his help. Will you change this old car for a new one?. in return (for): in exchange or payment for: Give her some flowers in return for her kindness. \ في المقام الأوّل \ firstly: as the first reason, fact, etc: I need a hot drink. Firstly, because I’m cold; secondly, because I’m thirsty. \ في المقدمة \ in front: at the front: You go in front and I’ll follow. \ في مَكَان \ in sb,’s stead: in sb.’s place; instead of sb.. \ See Also بدلا من (بدلاً من)‏ \ في مَكَان آخَر \ elsewhere: in some other place. \ في المَكَان \ in position: in the correct position. \ See Also المَوضِع الصَّحيح \ في مَكَان قَريب \ by: near: He stood by and watched them. \ في مَكَانٍ ما \ somewhere: in or to some place (but usu. anywhere in negative sentences and questions): I’ve met him somewhere before. Let’s go somewhere peaceful (to some peaceful place). \ في المكان والزّمان المذكورين \ on the spot: in that place and at that moment: Fortunately a doctor was on the spot when she broke her leg. \ في مكانه \ belong: to be in the right place: This book belongs on the top shelf. \ See Also موضِعِه المناسب \ في مَلْعَبِه \ at home: (of a match) on one’s own field: Our team are playing at home tomorrow. \ في مُنْتَصَف الطَّريق \ midway: halfway; in the middle: The station is midway between the two villages. \ في مَوعِد لاَ يَتَجَاوَز \ by: before; not later than: Can you finish this by Tuesday? They ought to be here by now. \ في المَوْعِد المحدَّد \ on time: exactly at the appointed moment: The bus always leaves on time. \ في مياه أعمق من قَامَته \ out of one’s depth: in water that is too deep to stand up in: Don’t go out of your depth unless you can swim. \ في النّادِر \ rarely: not often; hardly at all: She rarely smokes. \ في نظر \ in the eyes of: in the opinion of: In his mother’s eyes he can do no wrong. \ في نَظَري \ to my mind: in my opinion: To my mind, this is most dishonest. \ في النّهايَة \ at last: in the end, after much delay: The train was very slow, but we got there at last. at length: at last; in the end: He waited two hours. At length he went home. finally: lastly; in the end. \ في نِهايَة الأمْر \ in the long run: after a period of time; in the end: It’ll be cheaper in the long run to buy good quality shoes. \ See Also عَلَى المدى الطويل \ في هذا الوقت \ now: (in a written account) at the time that is being described: The war was now over. \ في هَذا المَكَان \ about: here: Is anyone about?. \ في هذه الأَثْنَاء \ meanwhile, meantime: (in) the time between: You’ll have to wait till he’s ready; but you can read this (in the) meanwhile. \ في هذه الأَيَّام \ nowadays: in these times (compared with the past): Travel is much easier nowadays. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في هذه الحالة \ all right: (also alright), in that case: You don’t want it? All right, I’ll give it to someone else. \ في هذه اللَّحْظَة \ just: (with continuous tenses; always directly before the present participle) at this moment; at that moment: We’re just starting dinner. We were just starting dinner when he arrived. just now: at this moment: I’m busy just now. \ في الهواء الطَّلْق \ in the open: outside in the air: I like to sleep out in the open, under the stars. out of doors, outdoors: in the open air; not in a house: I like sleeping out of doors under the stars. outdoors, out of doors: the open air; not in a building: Go outdoors and play football. \ في الوَاقِع \ in reality: in fact. \ في الوَاقِع \ actually: in fact; really: She looks about thirty, but actually she’s thirty-nine. as a matter of fact, in fact: really; in truth: The dog seemed dead but in fact it was only asleep. As a matter of fact, I don’t like Michael. in point of fact: actually, in fact. truly: really: Are you truly sorry for your crimes?. virtually: actually but not officially: He was virtually a prisoner in his home, as he did not dare to go out while the police were watching. \ في الوَسَط \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَسْط المسافة \ halfway: between two places and at an equal distance from them: His house is halfway between yours and mine. \ في وَضَح (النهار)‏ \ broad: (of daylight) full; complete: The bank was robbed in broad daylight. \ في وَضع لا يجوز فيه رَكْل الكُرة \ offside: (of a player in football, etc.) breaking a rule by being in a position in which play is not allowed. \ في الوَقْت الحَاضِر \ at present: now; at the present time: At present I have no job, but I shall get one soon. for the time being: for the present: I have no job, but I’m helping my father for the time being. now: at the present time: Where are you working now? Now is the time to plant those seeds. today: the present time: the scientists of today. \ في وَقْتٍ لاَحِق \ after: later: She came first and he arrived soon after. \ في وقتٍ ما \ sometime: (often two words, some time) at a time not exactly known or stated: Come again sometime. He left sometime after dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر \ late: after the proper or usual time; not early: We always go to bed very late. He arrived too late for dinner. \ في وقتٍ متأخر مِن \ late: near the end of a period of time: Late in the year; in the late afternoon. \ في الوَقْتِ المُقَرَّر \ round: following a regular course: Wait till your turn comes round. \ في وَقْتٍ من الأوقات \ ever: (esp. in a negative sentence or a question) at any time: Nobody ever writes to me. Have you ever been to Rome? If you ever go there, you must see St. Peter’s cathedral. \ في الوَقْتِ المناسب \ early: in good time for one’s purpose; before the fixed time: We arrived early and got the best seats. in due course: later; after a reasonable delay: He will get better in due course. in good time: slightly early: He came in good time for the meeting. \ في وقت واحد \ at a time: together: They arrived three at a time (in groups of three). \ في يوم من الأيام \ once upon a time: (used at the beginning of stories). \ See Also كان يا ما كان

Arabic-English dictionary > في
5 ir

v.

1 to go.

ir hacia el sur/al cine to go south/to the cinema

ir en autobús/coche to go by bus/car

ir andando to go on foot, to walk

¡vamos! let's go!

2 to be gradually.

ir haciendo algo to be (gradually) doing something

va anocheciendo it's getting dark

3 to go.

le va bien en su nuevo trabajo things are going well for him in his new job

su negocio va mal his business is going badly

¿cómo te va? how are you doing?

4 to go.

estas tazas van con estos platos these cups go with these saucers

5 to go, to belong.

esto no va ahí that doesn't go o belong there

6 to go, to leave (marcharse).

irse a to go to

¡vete! go away!

El bus va por el camino The bus goes down the road.

7 to go (to search).

ir (a) por algo/alguien to go and get something/somebody, to go and fetch something/somebody (peninsular Spanish)

8 to go (to consume, to disappear).

se ha ido la luz there's been a power cut

9 to be going (intención).

ir a hacer algo to be going to do something

te voy a echar de menos I'm going to miss you

10 to get (to change).

ir a mejor/peor to get better/worse

11 to work.

la manivela va floja the crank is loose

la televisión no va the television isn't working

12 to be meant (comentario, indirecta).

ir por alguien to be meant for somebody, to be aimed at somebody

13 to suit (clothes).

irle (bien) a alguien to suit somebody

esta camisa no va con esos pantalones this shirt doesn't go with these trousers

14 to do (tratamiento).

irle bien a alguien to do somebody good

15 to like, to care.

no me va el pop I don't like pop music (peninsular Spanish)

ni me va ni me viene I don't care one way or the other

16 to attend.

Ricardo va en las tardes Richard attends in the afternoons.

17 to be doing, to make out.

Me va bien I am doing well.

18 to keep on, to keep.

Ir caminando Keep on walking.

19 to go for.

Me va bien el negocio The business goes well for me

20 to match.

Estas medias van These socks match.

* * *

IR

CONJUGACIÓN

Present Indicative

voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van.

Imperfect Subjunctive

iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban.

Past Indicative

fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron.

Present Subjunctive

vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan.

Imperfect Subjunctive

fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fuerais, fueran;

fuese, fueses, fuese, fuésemos, fueseis, fuesen.

Future Subjunctive

fuere, fueres, fuere, fuéremos, fuereis, fueren.

Imperative

ve (tú), vaya (él/Vd.), vayamos (nos.), id (vos.), vayan (ellos/Vds.).

* * *

verb

1) to go

2) get on

3) extend

•

- ir a
- ir a pie
- irse
* * *
Para las expresiones ir de vacaciones, ir de veras, ir dado, irse de la lengua, ver la otra entrada.
1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO

1) (=marchar)

a) [indicando movimiento, acción] to go

anoche fuimos al cine — we went to the cinema last night

¿has ido alguna vez a Quito? — have you ever been to Quito?

¿a qué colegio vas? — what school do you go to?

esta carretera va a Huesca — this road goes to Huesca, this is the road to Huesca

íbamos hacia Sevilla — we were going towards Seville

ir hasta León — to go as far as León

ir despacio — to go slow(ly)

ir con tiento — to go carefully {o} cautiously

¡ya voy!, ¡ahora voy! — coming!, I'll be right there!

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿quién va? — (Mil) who goes there?

b) [indicando la forma de transporte]

• ir [andando] — to walk, go on foot

tuvimos que ir andando — we had to walk {o} go on foot

¿vas a ir andando o en autobús? — are you walking or going by bus?

• ir en [avión] — to fly

• ir en [bicicleta] — to ride

• ir a [caballo] — to ride

• fui en [coche] — I went by car, I drove

• ir a [pie] — to walk, go on foot

• fui en [tren] — I went by train {o} rail

c) [con complemento]

iba muy bien vestido — he was very well dressed

este reloj va atrasado — this clock is slow

iban muertos de risa por la calle — they were killing themselves laughing as they went down the street

d)

• ir (a) [por] — to go and get

voy (a) por el paraguas — I'll go and get the umbrella

voy por el médico — I'll go and fetch {o} get the doctor

voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him

solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money

2) [indicando proceso]

a) [persona]

¿cómo va el paciente? — how's the patient doing?

el enfermo va mejor — the patient is improving {o} doing better

el enfermo va peor — the patient has got worse

b) [acción, obra] to go

¿cómo va el ensayo? — how's the essay going?, how are you getting on with the essay?

¿cómo va el partido? — what's the score?

¿cómo va eso? — how are things (going)?

todo va bien — everything's fine, everything's going well

los resultados van a mejor — the results are improving {o} getting better

c)

• ir [por], ¿te has leído ya el libro? ¿por dónde vas? — have you read the book yet? whereabouts are you? {o} how far have you got?

ir por la mitad de algo — to be halfway through sth

la película ya va por la mitad — it's already half way through the film

íbamos por la mitad de nuestro viaje — we were half way there

3) [indicando manera, posición]

ese cuadro debería ir encima del sofá — that picture should go over the sofa

lo que te dijo iba en serio — he meant what he said (to you)

4) (=extenderse) to go, stretch

la pradera va desde la montaña hasta el mar — the grasslands go {o} stretch from the mountains to the sea

• [en lo que] va de año — so far this year

en lo que va de semana hemos recibido cientos de llamadas — we've had hundreds of calls so far this week

en lo que va desde 1950 hasta nuestros días — from 1950 up until now

5) [indicando distancia, diferencia]

va mucho de uno a otro — there's a lot of difference between them

¡lo que va del padre al hijo! — what a difference there is between father and son!, father and son are nothing like each other!

de 7 a 9 van 2 — the difference between 7 and 9 is 2; [en resta] 7 from 9 leaves 2

6) [indicando acumulación]

con este van 30 — that makes 30 (with this one)

van ya tres llamadas y no contesta — we've called him three times and he doesn't answer

7) [en apuestas]

van cinco pesos a que no lo haces — I bet you five pesos you won't do it

¿cuánto va? — how much do you bet?

8) (=vestir)

ir con pantalones — to be wearing trousers

¿con qué ropa {o} cómo fuiste a la boda? — what did you wear to the wedding?

iba de rojo — she was dressed in red, she was wearing red

la que va de negro — the girl in black
etiqueta 2)
9)

irle a algn —

a) [indicando importancia]

nos va mucho en esto — we have a lot riding on this

le va la vida en ello — his life depends on it

- ni me va ni me viene

b) [indicando situación]

¿cómo te va? — how are things?, how are you doing?

¿cómo te va en los estudios? — how are you getting on with your studies?

¡que te vaya bien! — take care!

c) (=sentar) to suit

¿me va bien esto? — does this suit me?

no le va bien el sombrero — the hat doesn't suit her

d) * (=gustar)

no me va nada ese rollo — I'm not into that sort of thing *

ese tipo de gente no me va — I don't get on with that type of people

le va al Cruz Azul — Méx (Dep) he supports Cruz Azul

10) [seguido de preposición]
ir con (=acompañar, combinar) to go with
no quería ir con ella a ninguna parte — I didn't want to go anywhere with her

iba con su madre — he was with his mother

esta fotocopia debe ir con la carta — this photocopy has to go (in) with the letter

yo voy con el Real Madrid — I support Real Madrid

el marrón no va bien con el azul — brown and blue don't go together

eso de ser famosa no va con ella — being famous doesn't agree with her
ir de
¿de qué va la película? — what's the film about?

la película va nada más que de sexo — the film is all sex

no sabe de qué va el rollo — * he doesn't know what it's all about

va de intelectual por la vida — * he acts the intellectual all the time

¿de qué vas? — * what are you on about? *
ir para
va para los 40 — he's getting on for 40, he's knocking on 40

va para viejo — he's getting old

va para arquitecto — he's going to be an architect

va para cinco años que entré en la Universidad — it's getting on for five years since I started University
ir por [indicando intención]
eso no va por usted — I wasn't referring to you, that wasn't meant for you

¡va por los novios! — (here's) to the bride and groom!
ir tras to go after
se dio cuenta de que iban tras él — he realized they were after him

ir tras una chica — to chase (after) a girl

11) [otras locuciones]

• [a lo que] iba — as I was saying

• ir a algn [con] algo, siempre le iba con sus problemas — he always went to her with his problems

• [¿dónde] vas?, -¿le regalamos un equipo de música? -¿dónde vas? con un libro tiene bastante — "shall we give him a stereo?" - "what do you mean? a book is fine"

-¿le pido disculpas? -¿dónde vas? deja que sea él quien se disculpe — "shall I apologize?" - "what are you talking about? let him be the one to apologize"

• si vamos a [eso] — for that matter

a eso voy — I'm coming to that

pues, a eso voy — that's what I mean, that's what I'm getting at

• es el [no] va más — * it's the ultimate

• ir de mal en [peor] — to go from bad to worse

• ir a lo [suyo] — to do one's own thing; pey to look after Number One

aquí cada uno va a lo suyo — everyone does their own thing here

• ir y [venir], era un constante ir y venir de ambulancias — ambulances were constantly coming and going

llevo todo el día yendo y viniendo de un lado al otro de la ciudad — I've spent all day going from one end of town to the other

cuando tú vas, yo ya he venido — I've been there before, I've seen it all before

• ir [y], ahora va y me dice que no viene — now he goes and tells me he's not coming

fue y se marchó — Méx * he just upped and left *
lejos 1., 1)
12) [exclamaciones]
¡vaya! [indicando sorpresa] well!; [indicando enfado] damn!
¡vaya! ¿qué haces tú por aquí? — well, what a surprise! what are you doing here?

¡vaya, vaya! — well I'm blowed! *

¡vaya coche! — what a car!, that's some car!

¡vaya susto que me pegué! — I got such a fright!, what a fright I got!

¡vaya con el niño! — that damn kid! *
¡vamos! [dando ánimos] come on!; [para ponerse en marcha] let's go!
¡vamos! ¡di algo! — come on! say something!

vamos, no es difícil — come on, it's not difficult

una chica, vamos, una mujer — a girl, well, a woman

es molesto, pero ¡vamos! — it's a nuisance, but there it is
¡qué va!
-¿no me vas a echar la bronca? -no, qué va — "you're not going to tell me off, are you?" - "of course I'm not"

¿perder la liga? ¡qué va, hombre! — lose the league? you must be joking!

2.

VERBO AUXILIAR
ir a ({+ infin}) to go
fui a verle — I went to see him

vamos a hacerlo — [afirmando] we are going to do it; [exhortando] let's do it

tras muchas vueltas fuimos a dar con la calle Serrano — after driving round for ages we eventually found Serrano Street

¿cómo lo iba a tener? — how could he have had it?

¡no lo va a saber! — of course he knows!

¿no irás a decirme que no lo sabías? — you're not going to tell me you didn't know?

¿no irá a soplar? — ** I hope he's not going to split on us *

• no vaya a [ser] que..., no salgas no vaya a ser que venga — don't go out in case she comes
ir ({+ gerund})
iba anocheciendo — it was getting dark

iban fumando — they were smoking

¿quién va ganando? — who's winning?

fueron hablando todo el camino — they talked the whole way there

como iba diciendo — as I was saying

¡voy corriendo! — I'll be right there!

id pensando en el tema que queréis tratar — be {o} start thinking about the subject you want to deal with

hemos ido consiguiendo lo que queríamos — we found what we wanted eventually

voy comprendiendo que... — I am beginning to see that...
ir ({+ participio})
van escritas tres cartas — that's three letters I've written

va vendido todo — everything has been sold

3.

See:

irse

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

ir en taxi — to go by taxi

iban a caballo/a pie — they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar — to go by sea

Fernando! - voy! — Fernando! - (just) coming! o I'll be right there!

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación — I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de los invitados — the coming and going of the guests

no hago más que ir y venir de un lado para otro — I do nothing but run around

voy al mercado — I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market (colloq)

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? — where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? — do you go to church?

ir de compras/de caza — to go shopping/hunting

ya vamos para allá — we're on our way

¿por dónde se va a...? — how do you get to...?

a eso voy — I'm just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? — (Esp fam) ( frente a una exageración)

¿dónde vas con tanto pan? — what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? - dónde vas! — shall we leave 500 as a tip? - you must be joking o kidding!

ir a dar a un lugar — ver parar

ir a por alguien — (Esp)

ha ido a por su madre — he's gone to get his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti — watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él — the dog went for him

ir por or (Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread; no irla con algo (RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't go along with all this liberalism; no me/le va ni me/le viene (fam) (no me, le concierne) it's none of my/his/her business; (ne me, le afecta) it doesn't affect me/him/her; allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres — when in Rome, do as the Romans do

b) ( asistir) to go to

voy a clases nocturnas — I go to evening classes

ya va al colegio/a la universidad — she's already at school/university

2) ( expresando propósito)

ir a + inf: ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?; ve a ayudarla — go and help her; ver tb v aux I

3)

irle a alguien con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems; le fue a la maestra con el chisme — she went and told the story to the teacher

4)

a) (al arrojar algo, arrojarse)

tírame la llave - allá va! — throw me the key - here you are o there you go!

tírate del trampolín - allá voy! — jump off the board! - here I go/come!

b) (Jueg)

ahí van otros $2.000 — there's another $2,000

no va más! — no more bets!

ahí va! — (Esp fam)

ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero — oh no! I've forgotten the money

ganó 20 millones en la lotería - ahí va! — he won 20 million in the lottery - wow o (AmE) gee whiz! (colloq)

5) comentario

no iba con mala intención — it wasn't meant unkindly

eso va por ti también — that goes for you too o and the same goes for you

6) ( estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc)

le iba la vida en ello — her life depended on it o was at stake

7) (fam) (hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes)

fue y le dio un puñetazo — she went and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree — and like an idiot she believed him

Sentido II

8) (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento)

iban cantando por el camino — they sang as they went along

¿van cómodos? — are you comfortable?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? — will the glasses be safe here?

íbamos sentados — we were sitting down

vas que pareces un pordiosero — you look like some sort of beggar

iba con miedo — she was afraid

vas muy cargada — you have a lot to carry

yo iba a la cabeza — I was in the lead

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos — you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco — he's had one disappointment after another

9) ( refiriéndose al atuendo)

ir de algo: iban de largo they wore long dresses; voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula; iba de verde — she was dressed in green

10) ( en calidad de)

ir de algo — to go (along) as something

yo fui de intérprete — I went along as interpreter

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? — (Esp arg) hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo/genio por la vida — (Esp arg) he really thinks he's good-looking/clever

11) (Esp fam) ( tratar)

¿de qué va la novela? — what's the novel about?

Sentido III

12) camino/sendero ( llevar)

ir a algo — to lead to something, to go to something

13) (extenderse, abarcar)

la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia — the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento — the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Sentido IV

14) (marchar, desarrollarse)

¿cómo va el enfermo/el nuevo trabajo? — how's the patient doing/the new job going?

va de mal en peor — it's going from bad to worse;; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿cómo te va? — how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? — how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?

me fue mal/bien en el examen/la entrevista — I did badly/well in the exam/the interview

que te vaya bien! — all the best! o take care!

que te vaya bien (en) el examen! — good luck in the exam

¿cómo le va con el novio? — how's she getting on with her boyfriend?

15) (en juegos, competiciones)

¿cómo van? - 3-1 — what's the score? - 3-1

voy ganando yo — I'm ahead, I'm winning

16) ( en el desarrollo de algo)

ir por algo: ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?; ¿todavía vas por la página 20? — are you still on page 20?

17) ( estar en camino)

ir para algo: vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!; va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty; ya va para dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

18) (sumar, hacer)

ya van tres veces que te lo digo — this is the third time I've told you

con éste van seis — six, counting this one

ya van tres pasteles que se come — that makes three cakes he's eaten now

19) ( haber transcurrido)

en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes — so far this year/month

20) ( haber diferencia)

de tres a ocho van cinco — eight minus three is five

lo que va de un hermano a otro! — (fam) it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! (colloq)

21) (CS) (depender, radicar)

ir en algo — to depend on something

no sé en qué vá — I don't know what it depends on

Sentido V

22)

a) ( deber colocarse) to go

¿dónde van las toallas? — where do the towels go?

qué va! — (fam)

¿has terminado? - qué va! — have you finished? - you must be joking!

¿se disgustó? - qué va! — did she get upset? - not at all!

vamos a perder el avión - qué va! — we're going to miss the plane - nonsense!

b) ( deber escribirse)

¿va con mayúscula? — is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? — does it have an accent?

c) (RPl) ( estar incluido)

todo esto va para el examen — all of this will be included in the exam

23)

a) ( combinar)

ir con algo — to go with something

b) (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

el negro no te va bien — black doesn't suit you

te irá bien un descanso — a rest will do you good

c)

ir en contra de algo — to go against something

24) (Esp arg) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)

esa música no me va — that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

25) (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar)

irle a algo/alguien — to support something/somebody

le va al equipo peruano — he supports the Peruvian team

Sentido VI

26) vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio)

vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? — come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa)

vamos, mujer, dile algo — go on, say something to him

vamos, date prisa! — come on, hurry up!

dar el vamos a algo — (Chi) to inaugurate something

desde el vamos — (RPl fam) from the word go

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo — that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar — basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos — it's better than the other one, anyway

27) vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad)

vaya! tú por aquí! — what a surprise! what are you doing here?

vaya! se me ha vuelto a caer! — oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!

b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar)

vaya cochazo! — that's some car!

vaya (que) si la conozco! — you bet I know her!

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

vaya, que los hay peores — well, I mean there are plenty worse
2.
ir v aux

Sentido I

1)

ir a + inf —

2)

a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf

te vas a caer! — you're going to fall!

voy a estudiar medicina — I'm going to study medicine

va a hacer dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

esto no te va a gustar — you're not going to like this

te voy a pegar — I'm going to smack you

b) (en propuestas, sugerencias)

vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? — now then, what did you say your name was?

bueno, vamos a trabajar — all right, let's get to work

3)

a) (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones)

que no se te vaya a caer — make sure you don't drop it

cuidado, no te vayas a caer — mind you don't fall (colloq)

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva — take the umbrella in case it rains

b) ( expresando un deseo)

que te vaya bien! — all the best!

4) ( expresando inevitabilidad)

qué le iba a decir! — what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre? — what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿quién iba a ser si no? — who else could it have been?

¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

5) ( expresando incredulidad)

no irás a darle la razón a él! — surely you're not going to say he was right!

6)

a) ( en afirmaciones enfáticas)

¿te acuerdas? - no me voy a acordar! — do you remember - of course I do o how could I forget?

b) ( al contradecir)

¿dormiste bien? - qué voy a dormir! — did you sleep well?- how could I?

cómo iba a saberlo! — how was I supposed to know?

¿por qué la voy a ayudar? — why should I help her?

Sentido II

7) ( expresando un proceso paulatino)

ir + ger: poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little; a medida que va subiendo as it rises; tú puedes ir comiendo you can start eating; ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea; la situación ha ido empeorando — the situation has been getting worse and worse
3.
irse v pron

1) ( marcharse) to leave

¿por qué te vas tan temprano? — why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos — let's go

bueno, me voy — right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off

no te vayas — don't go

vete a la cama — go to bed

se fue de casa — she left home

vete de aquí — get out of here

se fue de la empresa — she left the company

se han ido de viaje — they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí — (fam) get lost! (colloq); (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos fué a vivir a Florida — he went (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo — (fam) don't run away, I want to talk to you (colloq)

2) (consumirse, gastarse)

cómo se va el dinero! — I don't know where the money goes!; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler — half my salary goes on the rent

qué rápido se me ha ido la tarde! — hasn't the evening gone quickly?

3) ( desaparecer) mancha/dolor to go

se ha ido la luz — the electricity's gone off; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? — has your headache gone?

4) (salirse, escaparse) líquido/gas to escape; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le está yendo el aire al globo — the balloon's losing air o going down

5) (euf) ( morirse) to slip away (euph)

6) (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl)

irse de boca/espaldas — to fall flat on one's face/back

me iba para atrás — I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante — he braked and we all went flying forwards

7) (andarse, actuar) (+ compl)

vete con cuidado/tacto — be careful/tactful

8)

a) (CS) ( en naipes) to go out

b) (RPl) ( en una asignatura) tb

irse a examen — to have to take an exam

9) (Andes, Ven) medias to run

se me fueron las medias — my tights have run

* * *

= attend, go, run, go over, saunter, come, go forth.

Ex. He was awarded the bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard University, and he attended Rutgers Library School where he graduated first in his class.

Ex. It was 'exceedingly inconvenient' because the books were entered in it 'where no person who goes to consult the catalogue would expect to find them'.

Ex. Arabic numerals are used to denote further divisions, in an integral manner, running from 1 to 9999, as necessary.

Ex. Compassion shadowed the trustee's face -- she could see he was desperate -- and compassion was in her voice as she answered: 'All right, I'll go over this afternoon'.

Ex. She sauntered back to her desk, intending to work, and was a little perturbed to find that she could not work.

Ex. This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.

Ex. Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

----

* algo va mal = something is amiss.

* ¡allá voy! = here I come!.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* cosas + ir bien = things + go well.

* descanso para ir al baño = bathroom break.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el no va más = the be all and end all.

* empezar a ir bien = fall into + place.

* empezar a irse al garete = be on the skids.

* empezar a irse al garete, empezar a empeorar = hit + the skids.

* grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.

* ir a = get to, turn to, refer to, be out to, head for, come to, take + a trip to, go to.

* ir a casa de = make + house calls.

* ir acompañado de = come with.

* ir a continuación de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* ir a contra reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir a cuestas de = piggyback [piggy-back].

* ir a dar un paseo = go for + a stroll.

* ir a + Infinitivo = be to + Infinitivo.

* ir a jucio = stand + trial, stand for + trial.

* ir a jucio, ser juzgado, ser procesado = stand for + trial.

* ir a la baja = be down.

* ir a la bancarrota = go + belly up.

* ir a la cárcel = serve + time.

* ir a la escuela = go to + school.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* ir a la par = proceed + in parallel.

* ir a la par con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a las mil maravillas = go + great guns, go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, be fine and dandy.

* ir a la zaga = trail, trail behind, lag + behind.

* ir al centro = go + downtown.

* ir al cine = go to + the cinema, movie-going.

* ir al grano = cut to + the chase.

* ir a lo seguro = play it + safe.

* ir al pub = go to + the pub.

* ir al teatro = go to + the theatre, theatre-going.

* ir a + Lugar = trot off + Lugar.

* ir al unísono = be hand in hand.

* ir al unísono con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a otro sitio = go + elsewhere.

* ir a pie = leg it.

* ir a por = go for.

* ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.

* ir a tientas y a ciegas = bump around + in the dark, fumble.

* ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.

* ir a un Lugar en coche = drive out to.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir a un Sitio sin prisa = mosey.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* ir a ver a Alguien a su casa = home-visiting.

* ir bien = go + well, do + well, go + strong.

* ir bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir con = go with, come with.

* ir con la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* ir con la nueva ola = ride + wave.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* ir con retraso con respecto a = lag + behind.

* ir contracorriente = go against + the flow.

* ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.

* ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.

* ir cuesta abajo = go + downhill.

* ir de... a... = proceed from... to....

* ir de... a = make + transition from... to..., range from... to..., go from... to..., work from... to, stretch from... to..., ricochet from... to.

* ir de acampada = camp.

* ir de aquí a allá = go out and about.

* ir de aquí para allá = ply, bustle, jump, live out of + a suitcase, run + here and there.

* ir de aquí para allá sin rumbo fijo = freewheel.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* ir de copas = go for + a drink.

* ir de + Dirección = work from + Dirección.

* ir de excursión = hike.

* ir de excursión por la montaña = go + tracking.

* ir de la mano = go + hand in hand (with), be hand in hand.

* ir delante = lead + the way.

* ir de mal en peor = go from + bad to worse.

* ir demasiado lejos = overstate + case, go + too far.

* ir de paquete = pillion riding, ride + pillion .

* ir de perlas = come up + a treat, work + a treat, go down + a treat.

* ir de putas = whoring.

* ir descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir de tranqui = play it + cool.

* ir detrás de = chase after, lag + behind.

* ir de un sitio a otro = shunt between.

* ir de un sitio para otro = run around.

* ir de vacaciones = go on + vacation, go on + holidays.

* ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.

* ir dirigido a = be geared to, target, aim at.

* ir en = ride.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* ir en bici = bike.

* ir en bicicleta = cycle.

* ir encaminado hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* ir en caravana = go in + (a) convoy, drive in + (a) convoy.

* ir en contra de = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ir en contra de la corriente = go against + the flow.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* ir en contra del reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* ir en el asiento trasero = pillion riding, ride + pillion .

* ir en moto = bike.

* ir en paralelo con = run + parallel to.

* ir entre = go between.

* ir hacia = head for.

* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.

* ir hacia delante = page + forward.

* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.

* irle Algo a Alguien = fare.

* irle a Uno = make out.

* ir mal = go + wrong.

* ir mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir marcha atrás = back up.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, go + deeper than, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más despacio = slow down, slow up.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir montado en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.

* ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.

* ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.

* ir pegado a = hug.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.

* ir por buen camino = be on the right track.

* ir por detrás = be behind, trail, trail behind, lag.

* ir por detrás de = lag + behind.

* ir por el buen camino = be right on track.

* ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir primero = lead + the way.

* ir rápido = fly.

* ir retrasado con el trabajo = be behind in + Posesivo + work.

* ir rumbo a = be on the road to.

* irse = depart, make + departure, quit + Lugar, take + departure, go off, wend + Posesivo + way, leave, go away, take + Posesivo + leave, be gone, head off, walk out, make + a quick getaway.

* irse a casa = go + home.

* irse a freír espárragos = naff off.

* irse a la cama = retire + at night.

* irse a la mierda = naff off.

* irse a la porra = go + pear-shaped, go down + the tube, go down + the drain.

* irse al carajo = go + pear-shaped, go to + shit.

* irse al cuerno = naff off.

* irse al diablo = naff off.

* irse al garete = go + kaput, be kaput, be up the spout.

* irse al traste = come + unstuck, go + kaput, be kaput, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, go to + shit, be up the spout.

* irse al trasto = go + pear-shaped.

* irse a paseo = naff off.

* irse a pique = founder, bite + the dust, give up + the ghost, come + unstuck, go + pear-shaped, go + kaput, be kaput, go + haywire, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, be up the spout.

* irse a tomar por culo = naff off.

* irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.

* irse de casa = leave + home.

* irse de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de juerga = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* irse de marcha = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de parranda = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de picos pardos = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse derecho a = make + a beeline for.

* irse de vacaciones = vacation.

* irse enojado dando zapatazos = stomp away.

* irse inadvertidamente = slip away.

* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.

* írsele a Uno Algo de las manos = get out of + hand.

* írsele a Uno el santo al cielo = lose + track of time, it + go + right/straight out of + Posesivo + mind.

* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.

* írsele la mano a Uno = overplay + Posesivo + hand.

* irse para siempre = go + forever.

* irse por las ramas = go off + the track, get off + the track, go off on + another track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off at + a tangent.

* irse por la tangente = wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent.

* ir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.

* ir sobre seguro = be on secure ground, play it + safe.

* ir tirando = get along + in the world, shuffle along, tick over, muddle along, keep + the wolves from the door.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir todo bien = be fine.

* ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.

* ir unido a = go with + the territory (of), come with + the territory (of).

* ir viento en popa = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir volando = hurtle, hot-foot it to.

* ir y venir = come and go.

* ir zumbando = whiz.

* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* partido de ida = away game.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que va al cine = moviegoer [movie-goer].

* público al que va dirigido = intended audience, subject audience, target audience, targeted audience.

* que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.

* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....

* ser hora de irse = be time to go.

* ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.

* situación + irse de las manos = things + get out of hand.

* si vamos a eso = for that matter.

* todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.

* va a = gonna [going to].

* vete a la mierda = fuck off.

* véte al carajo = drop dead!.

* véte al cuerno = drop dead!.

* vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.

* ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).

* * *
1.
verbo intransitivo

Sentido I

1)

a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

ir en taxi — to go by taxi

iban a caballo/a pie — they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar — to go by sea

Fernando! - voy! — Fernando! - (just) coming! o I'll be right there!

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación — I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de los invitados — the coming and going of the guests

no hago más que ir y venir de un lado para otro — I do nothing but run around

voy al mercado — I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market (colloq)

vamos a casa — let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? — where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? — do you go to church?

ir de compras/de caza — to go shopping/hunting

ya vamos para allá — we're on our way

¿por dónde se va a...? — how do you get to...?

a eso voy — I'm just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? — (Esp fam) ( frente a una exageración)

¿dónde vas con tanto pan? — what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? - dónde vas! — shall we leave 500 as a tip? - you must be joking o kidding!

ir a dar a un lugar — ver parar

ir a por alguien — (Esp)

ha ido a por su madre — he's gone to get his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti — watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él — the dog went for him

ir por or (Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread; no irla con algo (RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't go along with all this liberalism; no me/le va ni me/le viene (fam) (no me, le concierne) it's none of my/his/her business; (ne me, le afecta) it doesn't affect me/him/her; allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres — when in Rome, do as the Romans do

b) ( asistir) to go to

voy a clases nocturnas — I go to evening classes

ya va al colegio/a la universidad — she's already at school/university

2) ( expresando propósito)

ir a + inf: ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?; ve a ayudarla — go and help her; ver tb v aux I

3)

irle a alguien con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems; le fue a la maestra con el chisme — she went and told the story to the teacher

4)

a) (al arrojar algo, arrojarse)

tírame la llave - allá va! — throw me the key - here you are o there you go!

tírate del trampolín - allá voy! — jump off the board! - here I go/come!

b) (Jueg)

ahí van otros $2.000 — there's another $2,000

no va más! — no more bets!

ahí va! — (Esp fam)

ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero — oh no! I've forgotten the money

ganó 20 millones en la lotería - ahí va! — he won 20 million in the lottery - wow o (AmE) gee whiz! (colloq)

5) comentario

no iba con mala intención — it wasn't meant unkindly

eso va por ti también — that goes for you too o and the same goes for you

6) ( estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc)

le iba la vida en ello — her life depended on it o was at stake

7) (fam) (hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes)

fue y le dio un puñetazo — she went and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree — and like an idiot she believed him

Sentido II

8) (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento)

iban cantando por el camino — they sang as they went along

¿van cómodos? — are you comfortable?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? — will the glasses be safe here?

íbamos sentados — we were sitting down

vas que pareces un pordiosero — you look like some sort of beggar

iba con miedo — she was afraid

vas muy cargada — you have a lot to carry

yo iba a la cabeza — I was in the lead

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos — you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco — he's had one disappointment after another

9) ( refiriéndose al atuendo)

ir de algo: iban de largo they wore long dresses; voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula; iba de verde — she was dressed in green

10) ( en calidad de)

ir de algo — to go (along) as something

yo fui de intérprete — I went along as interpreter

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? — (Esp arg) hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo/genio por la vida — (Esp arg) he really thinks he's good-looking/clever

11) (Esp fam) ( tratar)

¿de qué va la novela? — what's the novel about?

Sentido III

12) camino/sendero ( llevar)

ir a algo — to lead to something, to go to something

13) (extenderse, abarcar)

la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia — the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento — the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

Sentido IV

14) (marchar, desarrollarse)

¿cómo va el enfermo/el nuevo trabajo? — how's the patient doing/the new job going?

va de mal en peor — it's going from bad to worse;; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿cómo te va? — how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? — how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?

me fue mal/bien en el examen/la entrevista — I did badly/well in the exam/the interview

que te vaya bien! — all the best! o take care!

que te vaya bien (en) el examen! — good luck in the exam

¿cómo le va con el novio? — how's she getting on with her boyfriend?

15) (en juegos, competiciones)

¿cómo van? - 3-1 — what's the score? - 3-1

voy ganando yo — I'm ahead, I'm winning

16) ( en el desarrollo de algo)

ir por algo: ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?; ¿todavía vas por la página 20? — are you still on page 20?

17) ( estar en camino)

ir para algo: vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!; va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty; ya va para dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

18) (sumar, hacer)

ya van tres veces que te lo digo — this is the third time I've told you

con éste van seis — six, counting this one

ya van tres pasteles que se come — that makes three cakes he's eaten now

19) ( haber transcurrido)

en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes — so far this year/month

20) ( haber diferencia)

de tres a ocho van cinco — eight minus three is five

lo que va de un hermano a otro! — (fam) it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! (colloq)

21) (CS) (depender, radicar)

ir en algo — to depend on something

no sé en qué vá — I don't know what it depends on

Sentido V

22)

a) ( deber colocarse) to go

¿dónde van las toallas? — where do the towels go?

qué va! — (fam)

¿has terminado? - qué va! — have you finished? - you must be joking!

¿se disgustó? - qué va! — did she get upset? - not at all!

vamos a perder el avión - qué va! — we're going to miss the plane - nonsense!

b) ( deber escribirse)

¿va con mayúscula? — is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? — does it have an accent?

c) (RPl) ( estar incluido)

todo esto va para el examen — all of this will be included in the exam

23)

a) ( combinar)

ir con algo — to go with something

b) (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc)

el negro no te va bien — black doesn't suit you

te irá bien un descanso — a rest will do you good

c)

ir en contra de algo — to go against something

24) (Esp arg) ( gustar) (+ me/te/le etc)

esa música no me va — that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

25) (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar)

irle a algo/alguien — to support something/somebody

le va al equipo peruano — he supports the Peruvian team

Sentido VI

26) vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio)

vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? — come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa)

vamos, mujer, dile algo — go on, say something to him

vamos, date prisa! — come on, hurry up!

dar el vamos a algo — (Chi) to inaugurate something

desde el vamos — (RPl fam) from the word go

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo — that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar — basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos — it's better than the other one, anyway

27) vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad)

vaya! tú por aquí! — what a surprise! what are you doing here?

vaya! se me ha vuelto a caer! — oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!

b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar)

vaya cochazo! — that's some car!

vaya (que) si la conozco! — you bet I know her!

c) (al aclarar, resumir)

vaya, que los hay peores — well, I mean there are plenty worse
2.
ir v aux

Sentido I

1)

ir a + inf —

2)

a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf

te vas a caer! — you're going to fall!

voy a estudiar medicina — I'm going to study medicine

va a hacer dos años que... — it's getting on for two years since...

esto no te va a gustar — you're not going to like this

te voy a pegar — I'm going to smack you

b) (en propuestas, sugerencias)

vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? — now then, what did you say your name was?

bueno, vamos a trabajar — all right, let's get to work

3)

a) (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones)

que no se te vaya a caer — make sure you don't drop it

cuidado, no te vayas a caer — mind you don't fall (colloq)

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva — take the umbrella in case it rains

b) ( expresando un deseo)

que te vaya bien! — all the best!

4) ( expresando inevitabilidad)

qué le iba a decir! — what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre? — what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿quién iba a ser si no? — who else could it have been?

¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

5) ( expresando incredulidad)

no irás a darle la razón a él! — surely you're not going to say he was right!

6)

a) ( en afirmaciones enfáticas)

¿te acuerdas? - no me voy a acordar! — do you remember - of course I do o how could I forget?

b) ( al contradecir)

¿dormiste bien? - qué voy a dormir! — did you sleep well?- how could I?

cómo iba a saberlo! — how was I supposed to know?

¿por qué la voy a ayudar? — why should I help her?

Sentido II

7) ( expresando un proceso paulatino)

ir + ger: poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little; a medida que va subiendo as it rises; tú puedes ir comiendo you can start eating; ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea; la situación ha ido empeorando — the situation has been getting worse and worse
3.
irse v pron

1) ( marcharse) to leave

¿por qué te vas tan temprano? — why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos — let's go

bueno, me voy — right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off

no te vayas — don't go

vete a la cama — go to bed

se fue de casa — she left home

vete de aquí — get out of here

se fue de la empresa — she left the company

se han ido de viaje — they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí — (fam) get lost! (colloq); (+ me/te/le etc)

se nos fué a vivir a Florida — he went (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo — (fam) don't run away, I want to talk to you (colloq)

2) (consumirse, gastarse)

cómo se va el dinero! — I don't know where the money goes!; (+ me/te/le etc)

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler — half my salary goes on the rent

qué rápido se me ha ido la tarde! — hasn't the evening gone quickly?

3) ( desaparecer) mancha/dolor to go

se ha ido la luz — the electricity's gone off; (+ me/te/le etc)

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? — has your headache gone?

4) (salirse, escaparse) líquido/gas to escape; (+ me/te/le etc)

se le está yendo el aire al globo — the balloon's losing air o going down

5) (euf) ( morirse) to slip away (euph)

6) (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl)

irse de boca/espaldas — to fall flat on one's face/back

me iba para atrás — I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante — he braked and we all went flying forwards

7) (andarse, actuar) (+ compl)

vete con cuidado/tacto — be careful/tactful

8)

a) (CS) ( en naipes) to go out

b) (RPl) ( en una asignatura) tb

irse a examen — to have to take an exam

9) (Andes, Ven) medias to run

se me fueron las medias — my tights have run

* * *

= attend, go, run, go over, saunter, come, go forth.

Ex: He was awarded the bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard University, and he attended Rutgers Library School where he graduated first in his class.

Ex: It was 'exceedingly inconvenient' because the books were entered in it 'where no person who goes to consult the catalogue would expect to find them'.

Ex: Arabic numerals are used to denote further divisions, in an integral manner, running from 1 to 9999, as necessary.

Ex: Compassion shadowed the trustee's face -- she could see he was desperate -- and compassion was in her voice as she answered: 'All right, I'll go over this afternoon'.

Ex: She sauntered back to her desk, intending to work, and was a little perturbed to find that she could not work.

Ex: This article urges children's librarians to attack 'aliteracy' (lack of a desire to read) as well as illiteracy by taking programmes, e.g. story hours, to children who do not come to libraries.

Ex: Finally six men agreed to go forth in their underclothes and nooses around their necks in hopeful expectation that their sacrifice would satisfy the king's bloodlust and he would spare the rest of the citizens.

* algo va mal = something is amiss.

* ¡allá voy! = here I come!.

* a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.

* cosas + ir bien = things + go well.

* descanso para ir al baño = bathroom break.

* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.

* donde fueres haz lo que vieres = when in Rome (do as the Romans do).

* el no va más = the be all and end all.

* empezar a ir bien = fall into + place.

* empezar a irse al garete = be on the skids.

* empezar a irse al garete, empezar a empeorar = hit + the skids.

* grupo de usuarios al que va dirigido = target user group.

* ir a = get to, turn to, refer to, be out to, head for, come to, take + a trip to, go to.

* ir a casa de = make + house calls.

* ir acompañado de = come with.

* ir a continuación de = follow in + the footsteps of.

* ir a contra reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir a cuestas de = piggyback [piggy-back].

* ir a dar un paseo = go for + a stroll.

* ir a + Infinitivo = be to + Infinitivo.

* ir a jucio = stand + trial, stand for + trial.

* ir a jucio, ser juzgado, ser procesado = stand for + trial.

* ir a la baja = be down.

* ir a la bancarrota = go + belly up.

* ir a la cárcel = serve + time.

* ir a la escuela = go to + school.

* ir a la guerra = go to + war.

* ir a la par = proceed + in parallel.

* ir a la par con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a las mil maravillas = go + great guns, go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, be fine and dandy.

* ir a la zaga = trail, trail behind, lag + behind.

* ir al centro = go + downtown.

* ir al cine = go to + the cinema, movie-going.

* ir al grano = cut to + the chase.

* ir a lo seguro = play it + safe.

* ir al pub = go to + the pub.

* ir al teatro = go to + the theatre, theatre-going.

* ir a + Lugar = trot off + Lugar.

* ir al unísono = be hand in hand.

* ir al unísono con = go + hand in hand (with), go + hand in glove with.

* ir a otro sitio = go + elsewhere.

* ir a pie = leg it.

* ir a por = go for.

* ir a por todas = go for + broke, shoot (for) + the moon.

* ir a tientas y a ciegas = bump around + in the dark, fumble.

* ir a toda velocidad = hurtle.

* ir a un Lugar en coche = drive out to.

* ir aun más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir a un Sitio sin prisa = mosey.

* ir a ver = drop in on, check out.

* ir a ver a Alguien = say + hi.

* ir a ver a Alguien a su casa = home-visiting.

* ir bien = go + well, do + well, go + strong.

* ir bien encaminado = be on the right track.

* ir cada vez mejor = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir con = go with, come with.

* ir con la corriente = go with + the flow, go along with + the flow.

* ir con la nueva ola = ride + wave.

* ir con mucho ojo = keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned, keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open.

* ir con retraso con respecto a = lag + behind.

* ir contracorriente = go against + the flow.

* ir corriendo = hot-foot it to.

* ir corriendo a = dash off to, run off to.

* ir cuesta abajo = go + downhill.

* ir de... a... = proceed from... to....

* ir de... a = make + transition from... to..., range from... to..., go from... to..., work from... to, stretch from... to..., ricochet from... to.

* ir de acampada = camp.

* ir de aquí a allá = go out and about.

* ir de aquí para allá = ply, bustle, jump, live out of + a suitcase, run + here and there.

* ir de aquí para allá sin rumbo fijo = freewheel.

* ir de compras = go + shopping.

* ir de copas = go for + a drink.

* ir de + Dirección = work from + Dirección.

* ir de excursión = hike.

* ir de excursión por la montaña = go + tracking.

* ir de la mano = go + hand in hand (with), be hand in hand.

* ir delante = lead + the way.

* ir de mal en peor = go from + bad to worse.

* ir demasiado lejos = overstate + case, go + too far.

* ir de paquete = pillion riding, ride + pillion.

* ir de perlas = come up + a treat, work + a treat, go down + a treat.

* ir de putas = whoring.

* ir descaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir de tranqui = play it + cool.

* ir detrás de = chase after, lag + behind.

* ir de un sitio a otro = shunt between.

* ir de un sitio para otro = run around.

* ir de vacaciones = go on + vacation, go on + holidays.

* ir de viaje de novios = honeymoon.

* ir dirigido a = be geared to, target, aim at.

* ir en = ride.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* ir en bici = bike.

* ir en bicicleta = cycle.

* ir encaminado hacia = be on + Posesivo + way to.

* ir en caravana = go in + (a) convoy, drive in + (a) convoy.

* ir en contra de = contravene, fly in + the face of, go against, militate against, stand in + contrast to, tell against, be at odds with, work at + cross purposes, be at cross purposes, turn against, play against, be contrary to, run up against, work against, set against, run + counter to, run + contrary to, be at loggerheads with, argue against, stand in + sharp contrast to, speak against, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.

* ir en contra de la corriente = go against + the flow.

* ir en contra de la ley = be against the law.

* ir en contra del reloj = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra del sentido común = violate + common sense.

* ir en contra del sistema = buck + the system.

* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.

* ir en contra de todos + Posesivo + principios = violate + principle.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* ir en el asiento trasero = pillion riding, ride + pillion.

* ir en moto = bike.

* ir en paralelo con = run + parallel to.

* ir entre = go between.

* ir hacia = head for.

* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.

* ir hacia delante = page + forward.

* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.

* irle Algo a Alguien = fare.

* irle a Uno = make out.

* ir mal = go + wrong.

* ir mal encaminado = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir marcha atrás = back up.

* ir más allá = go + one stage further.

* ir más allá de = go beyond, go + deeper than, transcend, get beyond, go far beyond, move + beyond, take + Nombre + a/one step further/farther, go + past.

* ir más allá de las posibilidades de Alguien = be beyond + Posesivo + capabilities.

* ir más despacio = slow down, slow up.

* ir más lejos = go + one stage further.

* ir montado en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.

* ir muy atrasado = be way behind schedule.

* ir muy por detrás de = be far behind.

* ir pegado a = hug.

* ir poco más allá de + Infinitivo = go little further than + Gerundio.

* ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.

* ir por buen camino = be on the right track.

* ir por detrás = be behind, trail, trail behind, lag.

* ir por detrás de = lag + behind.

* ir por el buen camino = be right on track.

* ir por mal camino = be on the wrong track, be headed down the wrong track.

* ir primero = lead + the way.

* ir rápido = fly.

* ir retrasado con el trabajo = be behind in + Posesivo + work.

* ir rumbo a = be on the road to.

* irse = depart, make + departure, quit + Lugar, take + departure, go off, wend + Posesivo + way, leave, go away, take + Posesivo + leave, be gone, head off, walk out, make + a quick getaway.

* irse a casa = go + home.

* irse a freír espárragos = naff off.

* irse a la cama = retire + at night.

* irse a la mierda = naff off.

* irse a la porra = go + pear-shaped, go down + the tube, go down + the drain.

* irse al carajo = go + pear-shaped, go to + shit.

* irse al cuerno = naff off.

* irse al diablo = naff off.

* irse al garete = go + kaput, be kaput, be up the spout.

* irse al traste = come + unstuck, go + kaput, be kaput, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, go to + shit, be up the spout.

* irse al trasto = go + pear-shaped.

* irse a paseo = naff off.

* irse a pique = founder, bite + the dust, give up + the ghost, come + unstuck, go + pear-shaped, go + kaput, be kaput, go + haywire, go down + the tube, go down + the drain, be up the spout.

* irse a tomar por culo = naff off.

* irse corriendo = dash off, shoot off.

* irse de casa = leave + home.

* irse de jarana = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de juerga = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.

* irse de marcha = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de parranda = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse de picos pardos = paint + the town red, go out on + the town.

* irse derecho a = make + a beeline for.

* irse de vacaciones = vacation.

* irse enojado dando zapatazos = stomp away.

* irse inadvertidamente = slip away.

* irse la cabeza = go + bananas.

* írsele a Uno Algo de las manos = get out of + hand.

* írsele a Uno el santo al cielo = lose + track of time, it + go + right/straight out of + Posesivo + mind.

* írsele la cabeza = go off + Posesivo + head.

* írsele la mano a Uno = overplay + Posesivo + hand.

* irse para siempre = go + forever.

* irse por las ramas = go off + the track, get off + the track, go off on + another track, fly off on + a tangent, go off on + a tangent, wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off at + a tangent.

* irse por la tangente = wander off + track, wander off + topic, go off on + a tangent, go off at + a tangent, go off + the track, get off + the track, fly off on + a tangent.

* ir sobre ruedas = go off without + a hitch.

* ir sobre seguro = be on secure ground, play it + safe.

* ir tirando = get along + in the world, shuffle along, tick over, muddle along, keep + the wolves from the door.

* ir todavía más lejos = go + a/one step further.

* ir todo bien = be fine.

* ir todo de maravilla = come up + roses.

* ir unido a = go with + the territory (of), come with + the territory (of).

* ir viento en popa = go from + strength to strength, grow from + strength to strength, go + great guns.

* ir volando = hurtle, hot-foot it to.

* ir y venir = come and go.

* ir zumbando = whiz.

* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.

* no voy a aguantarlo más = not going to take it any more.

* para que vayamos pensando = food for thought.

* partido de ida = away game.

* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.

* persona que va al cine = moviegoer [movie-goer].

* público al que va dirigido = intended audience, subject audience, target audience, targeted audience.

* que van dirigidos hacia el exterior = outbound.

* quién iba a decir entonces que... = little did + Verbo + then that....

* ser hora de irse = be time to go.

* ser lo que a Uno le va = be (right) up + Posesivo + alley.

* situación + irse de las manos = things + get out of hand.

* si vamos a eso = for that matter.

* todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.

* va a = gonna [going to].

* vete a la mierda = fuck off.

* véte al carajo = drop dead!.

* véte al cuerno = drop dead!.

* vete a tomar por culo = fuck off.

* ya ir siendo hora de que = be high time (that/to/for), be about time (that).

* * *

ir [ I27 ]

GUIA DE BUSQUEDA

■ ir (verbo intransitivo)

Sentido I

A trasladarse, desplazarse

B expresando propósito

C irle a alguien con algo

D

1 al arrojar algo, arrojarse

2 Juegos

E con comentarios

F estar en juego

G hablando de acciones imprevistas

Sentido II

A ir + complemento

B refiriéndose al atuendo

C en calidad de

D tratar

Sentido III

A llevar a

B extenderse, abarcar

Sentido IV

A marchar, desarrollarse

B en juegos, competiciones

C en el desarrollo de algo

D estar en camino

E sumar, hacer

F haber transcurrido

G haber una diferencia

H depender, radicar

Sentido V

A

1 deber colocarse

2 deber escribirse

3 estar incluido

B

1 combinar

2 sentar, convenir

3 ir en contra de algo

C gustar

D tomar partido por, apoyar

Sentido VI

A

1 expresando incredulidad etc

2 intentando tranquilizar, animar

3 al aclarar, resumir

B

1 expresando sorpresa, contrariedad

2 para enfatizar

3 al aclarar, resumir

■ ir (verbo auxiliar)

Sentido I

A

1 para expresar tiempo futuro

2 expresando intención, propósito

3 en propuestas, sugerencias

B al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones

C expresando inevitabilidad

D expresando incredulidad

E

1 en afirmaciones enfáticas

2 al contradecir

Sentido II expresando un proceso paulatino

■ irse (verbo pronominal)

A marcharse

B consumirse, gastarse

C desaparecer: mancha, dolor

D salirse, escaparse

E morirse

F caerse, perder el equilibrio

G andarse, actuar

H

1 en naipes

2 en una asignatura

I las medias

vi

Sentido I

A (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go

¿vamos en taxi? shall we go by taxi?

iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot

ir por mar to go by sea

¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right with you! o I'll be with you right away!

es la tercera vez que te llamo — ¡ya va or voy! this is the third time I've called you — alright, alright, I'm (just) coming!

¿quién va? who goes there?

lo oía ir y venir por la habitación I could hear him pacing up and down the room

el ir y venir de la gente por la avenida the to-ing and fro-ing of people along the avenue

el ir y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests

no he hecho más que ir y venir de un lado para otro sin conseguir nada I've done nothing but run around without getting anything done

voy al mercado I'm going to the market, I'm off to the market ( colloq)

vamos a casa let's go home

¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?

¿tú vas a misa? do you go to church?

nunca va a clase he never goes to o attends class

ir de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting

juerga, etc

ya vamos para allá we're on our way

¿para dónde vas? where are you headed (for)?, where are you heading (for)? ( BrE)

¿por dónde se va a la estación? how do you get to the station?

fuimos por el camino de la costa we went along o took the coastal route

no vayas por ese lado, es más largo don't go that way, it's longer

a eso voy/vamos I'm/we're just coming o getting to that

¿dónde vas/va/van? (frente a una exageración) ( fam): ¿dónde vas con tanto pan? what are you doing with all that bread?

¿dejamos 500 de propina? — ¡dónde vas! con 100 hay de sobra shall we leave 500 as a tip? — you must be joking o kidding! 100 will be more than enough

¡eh, dónde vas! te dije un poquito steady on o easy! I said I wanted a little bit

ir a dar a un lugar: ¿quién sabe dónde fue a dar la pelota? who knows where the ball got to o went?

nos tomamos un tren equivocado y fuimos a dar a Maroñas we took the wrong train and ended up in Maroñas

ir a por algn ( Esp): ha ido a por su madre he's gone to get o fetch his mother, he's gone to pick his mother up

ten cuidado, que va a por ti watch out, he's out to get you o he's after you

el perro fue a por él the dog went for him

ir por or ( Esp) a por algo: voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread, I'm off to get some bread ( colloq)

no irla con algo ( RPl fam): no la voy con tanta liberalidad I don't hold with o I don't go along with all this liberalism

no me/le va ni me/le viene ( fam); I'm/he's not in the least bit bothered, I don't/he doesn't mind at all

allí donde fueres haz lo que vieres when in Rome, do as the Romans do

B (expresando propósito) ir A + INF:

¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?

ve a ayudarla go and help her

fue a ayudarla he went to help her

¿me irías a comprar el pan? would you go and buy the bread for me?

ver tb ir v aux Sense I.

C

irle a algn con algo: no le vayas con tus problemas don't bother him with your problems

a la maestra no le gusta que le vayan con chismes the teacher doesn't like people telling on each other o people coming to her with tales

D

1

(al arrojar algo, arrojarse): tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here it comes o there you go!

tírate del trampolín — bueno ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come!

2 ( Juegos):

ahí van otros $2.000 there's another $2,000

¡no va más! no more bets!

ver tb no¹ (↑ no (1))

¡ahí va! ( Esp fam): ¡ahí va! me he olvidado el dinero oh no! I've forgotten the money

David ganó 20 millones en la lotería — ¡ahí va! David won 20 million in the lottery — wow o ( AmE) gee whiz! ( colloq)

E

«comentario»: no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly, I didn't mean it nastily

ten cuidado con él, que esta vez va en serio be careful, this time he's serious o he means business

ir POR algn:

y eso va por ti también and that goes for you too o and the same goes for you o and I'm referring to you too

F (estar en juego) (+ me/te/le etc):

se puso como si le fuera la vida en ello she acted as if her life depended on it o was at stake

le va el trabajo en esto his job depends on this, his job is on the line

G ( fam)

(hablando de acciones imprevistas, sorprendentes): fue y le dio un puñetazo she went and o she upped and punched him

y la tonta va y se lo cree and like an idiot she believed him, and the idiot went and believed him ( BrE colloq)

fueron y se sentaron justo donde estaba recién pintado they went and sat down right where it had just been painted

Sentido II

A (+ complemento)

(sin énfasis en el movimiento): los caminantes iban cantando por el camino the walkers sang as they went along

¿van cómodos allí atrás? are you comfortable back there?

¿irán bien aquí los vasos? will the glasses be safe here?

ella iba dormida en el asiento de atrás she was asleep in the back seat

por lo menos íbamos sentados at least we were sitting down

el niño iba sentado en el manillar the child was sitting o riding on the handlebars

iba por la calle hablando solo he talked to himself as he walked along the street

vas que pareces un pordiosero you look like some sort of beggar

se notaba que iba con miedo you could see that she was afraid

el tren iba llenísimo the train was packed

déjame que te ayude que vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry, let me help you

el ciclista colombiano va a la cabeza the Colombian cyclist is in the lead

no vayas tan rápido, que te vas a equivocar don't do it o go so fast or you'll make a mistake

hay que ir con los ojos bien abiertos you have to keep your eyes open

va de chasco en chasco he's had one disappointment after another, he seems to lurch from one disappointment to another

B (refiriéndose al atuendo) ir DE algo:

iban de largo they wore long dresses

voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula

iba de verde she was dressed in green, she was wearing green

C (en calidad de) ir DE algo to go (along) AS sth

yo fui de intérprete, porque él no habla inglés I went along as an interpreter, because he doesn't speak English

¿de qué vas, tía? ¿te crees que somos tontos o qué? ( Esp arg); hey, what are you playing at? do you think we're stupid or something?

va de guapo por la vida ( Esp arg); he really thinks he's something special, he really fancies himself ( BrE colloq)

D

( Esp fam) (tratar) ir DE algo: no me voy a presentar al examen, no sé ni de qué va I'm not going to sit the exam, I don't even know what it's on

¿de qué va la novela? what's the novel about?

Sentido III

A «camino» (llevar a) ir A algo; to lead TO sth, to go TO sth

el camino que va a la playa the road that goes down to o leads to the beach

B

(extenderse, abarcar): la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes o stretches from Madrid to Valencia

lo que hay que traducir va de la página 82 a la 90 the part to be translated starts on page 82 and ends on page 90, the part to be translated is from page 82 to page 90

el período que va desde la Edad Media hasta el Renacimiento the period from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance

estados de ánimo que van de la excitación desmedida a la abulia moods ranging from over-excitement to complete lethargy

Sentido IV

A

(marchar, desarrollarse): ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?

el negocio va de mal en peor the business is going from bad to worse

¿qué tal va la tesis? how's the thesis coming along o going?

¿cómo va el enfermo? how's the patient doing?

(+ me/te/le etc): ¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? ( colloq), what's up? ( AmE colloq)

¿cómo les fue en Italia? how did you get on in Italy?, how was Italy?

me fue mal en el examen the exam went badly, I did badly in the exam

¡adiós! ¡que te vaya bien! bye! all the best! o take care!

¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam, I hope the exam goes well

¿cómo le va con el novio? how's she getting on with her boyfriend?, how are things going between her and her boyfriend?

B

(en juegos, competiciones): ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1

voy ganando yo I'm ahead o I'm winning o I'm in the lead

ya va perdiendo casi $8.000 he's already lost almost $8,000

C (en el desarrollo de algo) ir POR algo:

¿por dónde van en el programa de historia? how far have you got in the history syllabus?, where have you got (up) to in history?

¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20?

estoy por terminar, ya voy por las mangas I've nearly finished, I'm just doing the sleeves now

D (estar en camino) ir PARA algo:

¿qué quieres? ¡vamos para viejos! what do you expect? we're getting on! o we're getting old!

ya va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty, she's not far off fifty

ya va para dos años que no lo veo it's getting on for two years since I last saw him

iba para médico he was going to be a doctor

E

(sumar, hacer): ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you

¿cuántos has leído? — con éste van seis how many have you read? — six, counting this one o six, including this one o this one makes six o this is the sixth one

ya van tres pasteles que se come that makes three cakes he's eaten now

F

(haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or ( Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month

G

(haber una diferencia): de tres a ocho van cinco eight minus three is five

¡lo que va de un hermano a otro! ( fam); it's amazing the difference between the two brothers! ( colloq)

H (CS) (depender, radicar) ir EN algo; to depend ON sth

no sé en qué irá I don't know what it depends on

eso va en gustos that's a question of taste

Sentido V

A

1 (deber colocarse) to go

¿sabes dónde va esta pieza? do you know where this piece goes?

¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?

¡qué va! ( fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! todavía tengo para rato have you finished? — you must be joking! I still have a while to go yet

¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! todo lo contrario did she get upset? — not at all! quite the opposite in fact

vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! ¡si hay tiempo de sobra! we're going to miss the plane — nonsense! we have more than enough time

2

(deber escribirse): ¿va con mayúscula? is it written with a capital letter?

¿va con acento? does it have an accent?

3

( RPl) (estar incluido): todo esto va para el examen all of this will be included in the exam

B

1 (combinar) ir CON algo to go WITH sth

esos zapatos no van (bien) con esa falda those shoes don't go with that skirt

2 (sentar, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you

te irá bien una semanita de vacaciones a week's vacation will do you good

3

ir en contra de algo to go against sth

esto va en contra de sus principios this goes against her principles

C

( Esp arg) (gustar) (+ me/te/le etc): a mí esa música no me va that music does nothing for me o leaves me cold

marcha f H. (↑ marcha)

D ( Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) irle A algo/algn; to support sth/sb

mucha gente le va al equipo peruano a lot of people support o are backing o are rooting for the Peruvian team

Sentido VI vamos

A

1

(expresando incredulidad, fastidio): ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

¿cómo que le vas a ganar? ¡vamos! what do you mean you're going to beat him? come off it!

2

(intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa): vamos, mujer, dile algo, no seas vergonzosa go on, say something to him, don't be shy

¡vamos! ¡ánimo, que falta poco! come on! keep going! it's not far now!

¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!

¡vamos, vamos! ¡circulen! OK o come on, move along now please!

dar el vamos a algo ( Chi); to inaugurate sth

desde el vamos ( RPl fam); from the word go

3

(al aclarar, resumir): eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, at least that's what I think anyway

podrías haberte disculpado, vamos, no habría sido mucho pedir you could have apologized, I mean that's not much to ask

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy

es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway

B vaya

1

(expresando sorpresa, contrariedad): ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?, well! fancy seeing you here! ( BrE)

¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no! it's fallen over again!

¡vaya! nos quedamos sin saber cómo termina la película damn! now we won't know how the film ends ( colloq)

2

(para enfatizar): ¡vaya cochazo se ha comprado! that's some car he's bought himself!

¡vaya contigo! ¡no hay manera de hablarte! what on earth's the matter with you? you're so touchy!

¿vaya día! what a day!

¡vaya película me has traído a ver! ( iró); this is a really great movie you've brought me to see ( iro)

¡vaya si le voy a decir lo que pienso! you bet I'm going to tell him what I think!

¡vaya (que) si la conozco! you bet I know her!

3

(al aclarar, resumir): tampoco es tan torpe, vaya, los hay peores he isn't totally stupid, well, I mean there are plenty worse

■

v aux

Sentido I ir A + INF

A

1

(para expresar tiempo futuro): ¡te vas a caer! you're going to fall!

a este paso no van a terminar nunca they'll never finish at this rate

el barco va a zarpar the boat's about to set sail

dijo que lo iba a pensar she said she was going to think it over

ya van a ser las cuatro it's almost o nearly four o'clock

va a hacer dos años que no nos vemos we haven't seen each other for nearly two years, it's getting on for two years since we saw each other

esto no te va a gustar you're not going to like this

no te preocupes, ya se va a solucionar don't worry, it'll sort itself out

tenía miedo de que se fuera a olvidar I was afraid he'd forget

2

(expresando intención, propósito): se lo voy a decir I'm going to tell him

lo voy a conseguir, sea como sea I'll get it one way or another

me voy a tomar unos días libres en abril I'm going to take a few days off in April

vamos a ir a verla esta tarde we're going to go and see her this evening

3

(en propuestas, sugerencias): vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?

siéntate, vamos a discutir el asunto have a seat and let's discuss the matter

bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work

B

(al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones): que no se te vaya a escapar delante de ella make sure you don't blurt it out in front of her

ten cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall ( colloq), be careful or you'll fall

lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella in case it rains

C

(expresando inevitabilidad): ¡qué voy a hacer! what else can I do?

¡qué le iba a decir! what else could I tell her?

¿qué iba a pensar el pobre hombre? what was the poor man supposed o meant to think?

¿seguro que fue ella? — ¿quién iba a ser si no? are you sure it was her? — who else could it have been?

D

(expresando incredulidad): ¡no irás a darle la razón a él! surely you're not going to say he was right!

está muy deprimida — ¿no irá a hacer alguna tontería? she's really depressed — you don't think she'll go and do something stupid, do you?

E

1

(en afirmaciones enfáticas): ¿te acuerdas de él? — ¡no me voy a acordar! do you remember him — of course I do o how could I forget?

2

(al contradecir): ¿dormiste bien? — ¡qué voy a dormir! did you sleep well?— how could I?

¡cómo iba a saberlo, si nadie me dijo nada! how was I supposed to know? no one told me anything

¿por qué lo voy a ayudar? ¡si él a mí nunca me ayuda! why should I help him? he never helps me!

Sentido II (expresando un proceso paulatino) ir + GER:

poco a poco va a ir aprendiendo she'll learn little by little

a medida que va subiendo el nivel del agua as the water level rises

ha ido cambiando con el tiempo he's changed as time has passed

tú puedes ir pelando las cebollas you could start peeling the onions

ahora les toca a ustedes, vayan preparándose it's your turn now, so start getting ready

como te iba diciendo as I was saying

ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you can start o you'd better start getting used to the idea, you'd better get used to the idea

la voz parecía irse alejando cada vez más the voice seemed to grow more and more distant

la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse

■ irse

v pron

A

(marcharse): ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?

vámonos, que se hace tarde let's go, it's getting late

bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off ( AmE) o ( BrE) I'm off

el tren ya se ha ido the train's already gone

se quiere ir a vivir a Escocia she wants to go (off) and live in Scotland

se han ido todos a la plaza everybody's gone down to the square

vete a la cama go to bed

se fue de casa she left home

vete de aquí get out of here

se ha ido de la empresa she's left the company

se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away

anda, vete por ahí ( fam); get lost! ( colloq)

(+ me/te/le etc): la mayor se nos ha ido a vivir a Florida our eldest daughter's gone (off) to live in Florida

no te me vayas, quiero hablar contigo ( fam); don't run away, I want to talk to you ( colloq)

B

(consumirse, gastarse): ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!, the money just disappears!, we get through money so quickly

(+ me/te/le etc): se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent

se nos ha ido el día en tonterías we've spent o wasted the whole day messing around

¿te das cuenta de lo rápido que se nos ha ido la tarde? hasn't the evening gone quickly?

C (desaparecer) «mancha/dolor» to go

se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off

(+ me/te/le etc): no se me va el mareo I'm still feeling queasy

¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?

D (salirse, escaparse) «líquido/gas» to escape

(+ me/te/le etc): se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down

que no se te vaya la leche por el fuego don't let the milk boil over

tápalo para que no se le vaya la fuerza put the top on so that the fizz doesn't go out of it o so that it doesn't lose its fizz

cuando empezó la música se me iban los pies once the music began I couldn't stop my feet tapping o I couldn't keep my feet still

lengua, mano¹ (↑ mano (1))

E ( euf) (morirse) to slip away ( euph)

creo que se nos va I think he's slipping away, I think we're losing him

F (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):

irse de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back

me daba la impresión de que me iba para atrás I felt as if I was falling backwards

frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards

G (andarse, actuar) (+ compl):

vete con cuidado/tacto be careful/tactful

H

1 (CS) (en naipes) to go out

2

( RPl) (en una asignatura) tb irse a examen to have to take an exam

I ( Col) «medias» to run

* * *

ir ( conjugate ir) verbo intransitivo
1
a) (trasladarse, desplazarse) to go;

◊ ir en taxi to go by taxi;

iban a caballo/a pie they were on horseback/on foot;
ir por mar to go by sea;
¡Fernando! — ¡voy! Fernando! — (just) coming! o I'll be right there!;
el ir y venir de los invitados the coming and going of the guests;
vamos a casa let's go home;
¿adónde va este tren? where's this train going (to)?;
ir de compras/de caza to go shopping/hunting;
ya vamos para allá we're on our way;
¿por dónde se va a …? how do you get to …?;
ir por or (Esp) a por algo/algn to go to get sth/sb;
voy (a) por pan I'm going to get some bread
b) ( asistir) to go to;

◊ voy a clases nocturnas I go to evening classes;

ya va al colegio she's already at school
2 ( expresando propósito) ir a + inf:
◊ ¿has ido a verla? have you been to see her?;

ve a ayudarla go and help her;
ver tb ir v aux 1
3 (al arrojar algo, arrojarse):
◊ tírame la llave — ¡allá va! throw me the key — here you are o there you go!;

tírate del trampolín — ¡allá voy! jump off the board! — here I go/come!
4 [ comentario]:
◊ no iba con mala intención it wasn't meant unkindly;

eso va por ti también that goes for you too, and the same goes for you
1 (+ compl) ( sin énfasis en el movimiento):
◊ iban cantando por el camino they sang as they went along;

¿van cómodos? are you comfortable?;
íbamos sentados we were sitting down;
vas muy cargada you have a lot to carry;
yo iba a la cabeza I was in the lead
2 ( refiriéndose al atuendo):
◊ iban de largo they wore long dresses;

voy a ir de Drácula I'm going to go as Dracula;
iba de verde she was dressed in green
3 ( en calidad de) ir de algo to go (along) as sth;
◊ yo fui de intérprete I went along as interpreter

1 [camino/sendero] ( llevar) ir a algo to lead to sth, to go to sth
2 (extenderse, abarcar):
◊ la autopista va desde Madrid hasta Valencia the highway goes from Madrid to Valencia;

el período que va desde … hasta … the period from … to …
1 (marchar, desarrollarse):
◊ ¿cómo va el nuevo trabajo? how's the new job going?;

va de mal en peor it's going from bad to worse;
¿cómo te va? how's it going?, how are things? (colloq), what's up? (AmE colloq);
¿cómo les fue en Italia? how was Italy?, how did you get on in Italy?;
me fue mal/bien en el examen I did badly/well in the exam;
¡que te vaya bien! all the best!, take care!;
¡que te vaya bien (en) el examen! good luck in the exam
2 ( en competiciones):
◊ ¿cómo van? — 3-1 what's the score? — 3-1;

voy ganando yo I'm ahead, I'm winning
3 ( en el desarrollo de algo):
◊ ¿por dónde van en historia? where have you got (up) to in history?;

¿todavía vas por la página 20? are you still on page 20?
4 ( estar en camino):
◊ ¡vamos para viejos! we're getting on o old!;

va para los cincuenta she's going on fifty;
ya va para dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
5 (sumar, hacer):
◊ ya van tres veces que te lo digo this is the third time I've told you;

con este van seis six, counting this one
6 ( haber transcurrido): en lo que va del or (Esp) de año/mes so far this year/month
1 ( deber colocarse) to go;
◊ ¿dónde van las toallas? where do the towels go?;

¡qué va! (fam): ¿has terminado? — ¡qué va! have you finished? — you must be joking!;
¿se disgustó? — ¡qué va! did she get upset? — not at all!;
vamos a perder el avión — ¡qué va! we're going to miss the plane — no way!
2
a) ( combinar) ir con algo to go with sth

b) (sentar bien, convenir) (+ me/te/le etc):

◊ el negro no te va bien black doesn't suit you;

te irá bien un descanso a rest will do you good
3 (Méx) (tomar partido por, apoyar) irle a algo/algn to support sth/sb;
◊ le va al equipo peruano he supports the Peruvian team

1
◊ vamos

a) (expresando incredulidad, fastidio):

◊ ¡vamos! ¿eso quién se lo va a creer? come off it o come on! who do you think's going to believe that?

b) (intentando tranquilizar, animar, dar prisa):

◊ vamos, mujer, dile algo go on, say something to him;

¡vamos, date prisa! come on, hurry up!
c) (al aclarar, resumir):

◊ eso sería un disparate, vamos, digo yo that would be a stupid thing to do, well, that's what I think anyway;

vamos, que no es una persona de fiar basically, he's not very trustworthy;
es mejor que el otro, vamos it's better than the other one, anyway
2
◊ vaya

a) (expresando sorpresa, contrariedad):

◊ ¡vaya! ¡tú por aquí! what a surprise! what are you doing here?;

¡vaya! ¡se ha vuelto a caer! oh no o (colloq) damn! it's fallen over again!
b) (Esp) ( para enfatizar):

◊ ¡vaya cochazo! what a car!

ir v aux ir a + inf:
1
a) (para expresar tiempo futuro, propósito) to be going to + inf;

◊ voy a estudiar medicina I'm going to study medicine;

va a hacer dos años que … it's getting on for two years since …
b) (en propuestas, sugerencias):

◊ vamos a ver ¿cómo dices que te llamas? now then, what did you say your name was?;

bueno, vamos a trabajar all right, let's get to work
2 (al prevenir, hacer recomendaciones):
◊ que no se te vaya a caer make sure you don't drop it;

cuidado, no te vayas a caer mind you don't fall (colloq);
lleva el paraguas, no vaya a ser que llueva take the umbrella, in case it rains
3 ( expresando un proceso paulatino):
◊ poco a poco irá aprendiendo she'll learn little by little;

ya puedes ir haciéndote a la idea you'd better get used to the idea;
la situación ha ido empeorando the situation has been getting worse and worse
irse verbo pronominal
1 ( marcharse) to leave;
◊ ¿por qué te vas tan temprano? why are you leaving o going so soon?;

vámonos let's go;
bueno, me voy right then, I'm taking off (AmE) o (BrE) I'm off;
no te vayas don't go;
vete a la cama go to bed;
se fue de casa/de la empresa she left home/the company;
vete de aquí get out of here;
se han ido de viaje they're away, they've gone away
2 (consumirse, gastarse):
◊ ¡cómo se va el dinero! I don't know where the money goes!;

se me va medio sueldo en el alquiler half my salary goes on the rent
3 ( desaparecer) [mancha/dolor] to go;
◊ se ha ido la luz the electricity's gone off;

(+ me/te/le etc)
◊ ¿se te ha ido el dolor de cabeza? has your headache gone?

4 (salirse, escaparse) [líquido/gas] to escape;
◊ se le está yendo el aire al globo the balloon's losing air o going down

5 (caerse, perder el equilibrio) (+ compl):
◊ irse de boca/espaldas to fall flat on one's face/back;

me iba para atrás I was falling backwards;
frenó y nos fuimos todos para adelante he braked and we all went flying forwards
ir
I verbo intransitivo
1 (dirigirse a un lugar) to go: ¡vamos!, let's go!
voy a París, I'm going to Paris ➣ Ver nota en go
2 (acudir regularmente) to go: va al colegio, he goes to school
van a misa, they go to church
3 (conducir a) to lead, go to: el sendero va a la mina, the path goes to the mine
esta carretera va a Londres, this road leads to London
4 (abarcar) to cover: la finca va desde la alambrada al camino, the estate extends from the wire fence to the path
las lecciones que van desde la página 1 a la 53, the lessons on pages 1 to 53
5 (guardarse habitualmente) va al lado de éste, it goes beside this one
6 (mantener una posición) to be: va el primero, he's in first place
7 (tener un estado de ánimo, una apariencia) to be: iba furioso/radiante, he was furious/radiant
vas muy guapa, you look very smart o pretty
8 (desenvolverse) ¿cómo te va?, how are things? o how are you doing?
¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo?, how are you getting on in your new job?
9 (funcionar) to work (properly): el reloj no va, the clock doesn't go o work
10 (sentar bien) to suit: ese corte de pelo no te va nada, that haircut doesn't suit you at all
11 (combinar) to match, go: el rojo no va con el celeste, red doesn't go with pale blue
12 (vestir) to wear
ir con abrigo, to wear a coat
ir de negro/de uniforme, to be dressed in black/in uniform
la niña irá de enfermera, the little girl will dress up as a nurse
13 fam (importar, concernir) to concern: eso va por ti también, and the same goes for you
ni me va ni me viene, I don't care one way or the other
14 (apostar) to bet: va un café a que no viene, I bet a coffee that he won't come
15 (ir + de) fam (comportarse de cierto modo) to act
ir de listo por la vida, to be a smart ass
(tratar) to be about: ¿de qué va la película?, what's the film about?
16 (ir + detrás de) to be looking for: hace tiempo que voy detrás de un facsímil de esa edición, I've been after a facsimile of that edition for a long time
17 (ir + por) ir por la derecha, to keep (to the) right
(ir a buscar) ve por agua, go and fetch some water
(haber llegado) voy por la página noventa, I've got as far as page ninety
18 (ir + para) (tener casi, estar cercano a) va para los cuarenta, she's getting on for forty
ya voy para viejo, I'm getting old
(encaminarse a) iba para ingeniero, she was studying to be an engineer
este niño va para médico, this boy's going to become a doctor
II verbo auxiliar
1 (ir + gerundio) va mejorando, he's improving
ir caminando, to go on foot
2 (ir + pp) ya van estrenadas tres películas de Almodóvar, three films by Almodovar have already been released
3 ( ir a + infinitivo) iba a decir que, I was going to say that
va a esquiar, she goes skiing
va a nevar, it's going to snow
vas a caerte, you'll fall
♦ Locuciones: a eso iba, I was coming to that
¡ahí va!, catch!
en lo que va de año, so far this year
¡qué va!, of course not! o nothing of the sort!
¡vamos a ver!, let's see!
van a lo suyo, they look after their own interests
¡vaya!, fancy that
¡vaya cochazo!, what a car!
ir a parar, to end up
'ir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- acudir
- andurriales
- ánimo
- antojarse
- avión
- avivar
- bajar
- bordear
- brazo
- busca
- caer
- calcular
- camino
- caza
- cien
- cine
- coche
- compra
- comprensible
- convenir
- correr
- corriente
- danzar
- deformación
- deriva
- descaminada
- descaminado
- descender
- desgracia
- deteriorarse
- disposición
- empecinada
- empecinado
- encaminada
- encaminado
- entrar
- excursión
- flojear
- funesta
- funesto
- gaita
- gatas
- grano
- gratis
- gustar
- haber
- huevo
- idea
- ilusión
English:
afford
- after
- ahead
- appealing
- back
- back up
- be
- beeline
- bluster
- bristle
- camping
- canter
- career
- catch
- charge off
- chase
- check off
- clean up after
- cling
- coast
- collapse
- come
- come to
- commute
- consider
- court
- cross
- cross-country
- crowd
- cycle
- cycling
- defensive
- delay
- dentist
- deserve
- detest
- die off
- dismiss
- do
- down
- downhill
- drag
- drift
- ease off
- ease up
- either
- even
- excursion
- exercise
- face

* * *

ir

♦ vi

1. [desplazarse, dirigirse, acudir] to go;

fuimos a caballo we went on horseback, we rode there;

iremos andando we'll go on foot, we'll walk there;

ir en autobús to go by bus, to take the bus;

ir en automóvil to go by car, to drive;

ir en taxi to go by taxi, to catch o take a taxi;

ir en barco to go by boat;

ir en avión to go by plane, to fly;

ir por carretera/mar to go by road/sea;

ir a casa/a la iglesia/al cine to go home/to church/to the cinema;

ir a la escuela/al trabajo to go to school/work;

los niños no tienen que ir a clase hoy children don't have to go to school today;

me voy a clase, nos veremos luego I'm going to my lecture, see you later;

ir de compras/de pesca to go shopping/fishing;

ir de vacaciones to go on Br holiday o US vacation;

ir hacia el sur/norte to go south/north;

¿adónde va este autocar? where's this coach going?;

este tren va a o [m5] para Guadalajara this train is going to Guadalajara, this is the Guadalajara train;

todas las mañanas voy de la estación a o [m5] hasta la fábrica every morning I go from the station to the factory;

¿para dónde vas? where are you heading (for)?;

ahora mismo voy para allá I'm on my way there right now;

¿por dónde o [m5] cómo se va a la playa? how do you get to the beach from here?, could you tell me the way to the beach?;

no vayas por ahí que hay mucho barro don't go that way, it's muddy;

¿eres alumno oficial? – no, sólo voy de oyente are you an official student? – no, I'm just sitting in on classes;

fue a la zona como emisario de la ONU he travelled to the area on behalf of the UN;

¡ahí o [m5] allá va! [al lanzar una cosa] there you go;

ahí va el informe que me pediste here's the report you asked for;

¡allá voy! [al lanzarse uno mismo] here goes!, here we go!;
Anticuado
¿quién va? who goes there?;

¡Sergio, te llaman por teléfono! – ¡voy! Sergio, there's a phone call for you! – (I'm) coming!;

¡ya voy!, ¡ya va! [cuando llaman a la puerta] (I'm) coming!;

ir a alguien con algo [contar] to go to sb with sth;

todos le van con sus problemas everyone goes to her with their problems;

el autocar se salió de la calzada y fue a dar o [m5] a parar a un lago the coach came off the road and ended up in a lake;

estuvimos de paseo y fuimos a dar a una bonita plaza we were out walking when we came across a beautiful square;
Fam Fig
¿dónde vas con tantos aperitivos? luego no podremos con la comida steady on with the snacks or we won't be able to manage our dinner!;
Fam Fig
les habrá costado unas 100.000 – ¡dónde vas! mucho menos, hombre it must have cost them about 100,000 – what are you talking about, it was much less!;

Prov

(allá) donde fueres haz lo que vieres when in Rome, do as the Romans do

2. [conducir] [camino, calle, carretera] to lead, to go;

esta es la calle que va al museo this is the road (that leads o goes) to the museum;

esta calle va a dar al puerto this road leads to the harbour;

el camino va desde el pueblo hasta la cima de la montaña the path leads o goes from the village to the top of the mountain

3. [abarcar]
la zona de fumadores va del asiento 24 al 28 the smoking area is between seats 24 and 28;

el examen de arte va desde el Barroco hasta el Romanticismo the art exam will cover the Baroque period to the Romantic period;

la mancha iba de un lado a otro del techo the stain stretched from one side of the ceiling to the other;

las películas seleccionadas van desde la comedia urbana hasta el clásico western the films that have been selected range from urban comedies to classic westerns

4. Esp [buscar]
ir (a) por algo/alguien to go and get sth/sb, to go and fetch sth/sb;

fui (a) por él al aeropuerto I went to meet him at the airport, I went to pick him up from the airport;

ha ido (a) por leche a la tienda she's gone to the shop to get o for some milk;

el perro fue a por él the dog went for him;

tendrás que esconderte porque van a por ti you'll have to hide because they're (coming) after you;

a eso voy/iba [al relatar] I am/was just getting to that

5. [expresa estado, situación, posición]
fue muy callada todo el camino she was very quiet throughout the journey;

con esta bufanda irás calentito this scarf will keep you warm;

el precio va impreso en la contraportada the price is printed on the back cover;

la manivela va floja the crank is loose;

iba tiritando de frío she was shivering with cold;

ir a lo suyo to look out for oneself, to look after number one;

iba en el tren pensando en sus cosas she was travelling on the train lost in thought;

los niños iban armando jaleo en el asiento de atrás the children were kicking up a row in the back seat;

ve con cuidado, es un barrio peligroso be careful, it's a dangerous area;

tu caballo va tercero/en cabeza your horse is third/in the lead

6. [expresa apoyo o rechazo]
ir con to support;

voy con el Real Madrid I support Real Madrid;

ir contra algo, ir en contra de algo to be opposed to sth, to be against sth;

ir en contra de la violencia to be opposed to violence, to be against violence;

esta ley va contra la Constitución this act goes against o contravenes the Constitution;

ir en beneficio de alguien to be to sb's benefit, to be in sb's interest;

ir en perjuicio de alguien to be detrimental to o against sb's interests

7. [vestir]
ir con/en to wear;

iba en camisa y corbata he was wearing a shirt and tie;

aquí la gente va con o [m5] en bañador a todas partes people here go around in their swimsuits;

ir de azul to be dressed in blue;

ir de uniforme to be in uniform;

iré (disfrazado) de Superman a la fiesta I'm going to the party (dressed up) as Superman;

iba hecho un pordiosero he looked like a beggar

8. [marchar, evolucionar] to go;

le va bien en su nuevo trabajo things are going well for him in his new job;

el niño va muy bien en la escuela the child's doing very well at school;

¿cómo va el negocio? how's business?;

su negocio va mal, el negocio le va mal his business is going badly;

¿cómo te va? how are you doing?;

¿cómo te va en la universidad? how's university?, how are you getting on at university?;

¿cómo van? [en partido] what's the score?;
[en carrera, juego] who's winning?;
van empate a cero it's Br nil-nil o US zero-zero;

vamos perdiendo we're losing;

¿qué tal te va con tus nuevos alumnos? how are you getting on with your new pupils?;

¿qué tal va esa paella? how's that paella coming along?;

¡hasta pronto! ¡que te vaya bien! see you later, take care!;

¡que te vaya muy bien con el nuevo empleo! I hope things go well for you in your new job!, the best of luck with your new job!

9. [cambiar, encaminarse]
ir a mejor/peor to get better/worse;

el partido fue a más en la segunda parte the game improved o got better in the second half;

como sigamos así, vamos a la ruina if we carry on like this we'll be heading for disaster;

voy para viejo I'm getting old;

esta chica va para cantante this girl has all the makings of a singer;

va para un mes que no llueve it's getting on for o almost a month now since it last rained

10. [alcanzar]
va por el cuarto vaso de vino he's already on his fourth glass of wine;

vamos por la mitad de la asignatura we've covered about half the subject;

¿por qué parte de la novela vas? which bit in the novel are you at?;

aún voy por el primer capítulo I'm still on the first chapter

11. [expresa cantidades, diferencias]
con éste van cinco ministros destituidos por el escándalo that makes five ministers who have now lost their job as a result of the scandal;

ya van dos veces que me tuerzo el tobillo that's the second time I've twisted my ankle;

van varios días que no lo veo it's several days since I (last) saw him;

en lo que va del o Esp [m5] de mes he ido tres veces al médico so far this month I've been to the doctor three times, I've already been to the doctor three times this month;

de dos a cinco van tres the difference between two and five is three;

va mucho de un apartamento a una casa there's a big difference between Br a flat o US an apartment and a house

12. [corresponder] to go;

estas tazas van con estos platos these cups go with these saucers;

¿con qué clase de tornillos va esta tuerca? what sort of screw does this nut take?

13. [colocarse] to go, to belong;

esto no va ahí that doesn't go o belong there;

¿en qué cajón van los calcetines? which drawer do the socks go in?

14. [escribirse]
“Edimburgo” va con “m” “Edimburgo” is written o spelt with an “m”;

toda la oración va entre paréntesis the whole sentence goes in brackets;

el “solo” adjetivo no va con acento “solo” doesn't have an accent when used as an adjective

15. [sentar] [ropa]
irle (bien) a alguien to suit sb;

¡qué bien te van los abrigos largos! long coats really suit you!;

ir con algo to go with sth;

esta camisa no va con esa falda this shirt doesn't go with this skirt

16. [sentar] [vacaciones, tratamiento]
irle bien a alguien to do sb good;

esa infusión me ha ido muy bien that herbal tea did me a lot of good

17. [funcionar] to work;

la televisión no va the television isn't working;

una radio que va a o [m5] con pilas a radio that uses batteries, a battery-powered radio;

estas impresoras antiguas van muy lentas these old printers are very slow

18. [depender]
en aquel negocio le iba su futuro como director de la empresa his future as manager of the company depended on that deal;

todos corrieron como si les fuera la vida en ello everyone ran as if their life depended on it;

esto de la ropa va en gustos clothes are a matter of taste;
CSur
¿es fácil aprobar? – va en el profesor is it easy to pass? – it depends on the teacher

19. [comentario, indirecta]
ir con o [m5] por alguien to be meant for sb, to be aimed at sb;

y eso va por ti también and that goes for you too;

hizo como si no fuera con él he acted as if he didn't realize she was referring to him;

lo que digo va por todos what I'm saying applies to o goes for all of you;

va o [m5]voy en serio, no me gustan estas bromas I'm serious, I don't like this sort of joke

20. Esp Fam [gustar]
no me va el pop I'm not a big fan of pop music;

a mí lo que me va es la cocina I'm really into cooking;

ni me va ni me viene I don't care one way or the other

21. Fam [costar]
ir a to be, to cost;

¿a cómo o [m5] cuánto va el kilo de tomates? how much is a kilo of tomatoes?

22. Esp Fam [tratar] [conferencia, película, novela]
ir de to be about;

¿de qué va “1984”? what's “1984” about?

23. Fam Esp
ir de, RP [m5] irla de [dárselas] [persona] to think oneself;
Esp
va de inteligente, RP [m5] la va de inteligente he thinks he's clever;
Esp
¿de qué vas?, RP [m5]¿de qué la vas? just who do you think you are?

24. Fam [apostarse]
¿va una cerveza a que llevo razón? I bet you a beer I'm right

25. [en frases] Fam
fue y dijo que… he went and said that…;

y de repente va y se echa a reír and suddenly she just goes and bursts out laughing;
Fam
fue y se marchó sin mediar palabra she upped and went without a word;
Fam
¡ahí va! ¡qué paisaje tan bonito! wow, what beautiful scenery!;
Fam
¡ahí va! me he dejado el paraguas en casa oh no, I've left my umbrella at home!;

¡qué va! [por supuesto que no] not in the least!, not at all!;
[me temo que no] I'm afraid not; [no digas tonterías] don't be ridiculous!;
¡no va más! [en el casino] no more bets!;

Comp
Esp
ser el no va más to be the ultimate;

este gimnasio es el no va más this gym is the ultimate;

Comp
RP Fam
desde el vamos [desde el principio] from the word go;

me cayó mal desde el vamos I didn't like him from the word go;

Comp
Fam
¡dónde va a parar! there's no comparison!;

Comp

sin ir más lejos: tu madre, sin ir más lejos we need look no further than your mother;

sin ir más lejos, nos vimos ayer we saw each other only yesterday

♦ v aux

1. [con gerundio] [expresa acción lenta o gradual]
ir haciendo algo to be (gradually) doing sth;

va anocheciendo it's getting dark;

me voy haciendo viejo I'm getting old;

voy mejorando mi estilo I'm gradually improving my style;

su cine ha ido mejorando últimamente her movies o Br films have been getting better recently;

fui metiendo las cajas en el almacén I began putting the crates in the warehouse;

iremos aprendiendo de nuestros errores we'll learn from our mistakes;

ve deshaciendo las maletas mientras preparo la cena you can be unpacking the suitcases while I get dinner;

vete haciéndote a la idea you'd better start getting used to the idea;

como iba diciendo… as I was saying…

2. [con a + infinitivo] [expresa acción próxima, intención, situación futura]
ir a hacer algo to be going to do sth;

voy a hacerle una visita [ahora mismo] I'm about to go and visit him;
[en un futuro próximo] I'm going to visit him;
iré a echarte una mano en cuanto pueda I'll come along and give you a hand as soon as I can;

¡vamos a comer, tengo hambre! let's have lunch, I'm hungry!;

el tren con destino a Buenos Aires va a efectuar su salida en el andén 3 the train for Buenos Aires is about to depart from platform 3;

van a dar las dos it is nearly two o'clock;

va a hacer una semana que se fue it's coming up to o nearly a week since she left;

voy a decírselo a tu padre I'm going to tell your father;

¿no irás a salir así a la calle? surely you're not going to go out like that?;

he ido a comprar pero ya habían cerrado I had intended to go shopping, but they were shut;

te voy a echar de menos I'm going to miss you;

vas a hacerte daño como no tengas cuidado you'll hurt yourself if you're not careful;

todo va a arreglarse, ya verás it'll all sort itself out, you'll see;

¿qué van a pensar los vecinos? what will the neighbours think?;

no le quise decir nada, no fuera a enfadarse conmigo I didn't want to say anything in case she got angry with me

3. [con a + infinitivo] [en exclamaciones que expresan consecuencia lógica, negación]
¿qué voy a pensar si llevas tres días fuera de casa? what do you expect me to think if you don't come home for three days?;

¿la del sombrero es tu hermana? – ¿quién va a ser? ¡pues claro! is the woman with the hat your sister? – of course she is, who else could she be?;

y ¿dónde fuiste? – ¿dónde iba a ir? ¡a la policía! and where did you go? – where do you think? to the police, of course!;

¡cómo voy a concentrarme con tanto ruido! how am I supposed to concentrate with all that noise?;

¡cómo voy a pagarte si estoy sin dinero! how do you expect me to pay you if I haven't got any money?;

¡cómo no me voy a reír con las cosas que dices! how can I fail to laugh o how can you expect me not to laugh when you say things like that!;

¿te ha gustado? – ¡qué me va a gustar! did you like it? – like it? you must be joking!

♦ vt
Méx
irle a to support;

le va al Nexaca he supports Nexaca

♦ See also the pronominal verb irse

* * *

ir

<part ido>

I v/i

1 go (a to);

ir a pie walk, go on foot;

ir en avión fly;

ir en coche/en tren go by car/train;

ir a por algo go and fetch sth;

¡ya voy! I’m coming!;

¿quién va? who goes there?

2 ( vestir)

:

iba de amarillo/de uniforme she was wearing yellow/a uniform

3

:

van dos a dos DEP the score is two all

4 ( tratar)

:

¿de qué va la película? what’s the movie about?;

el libro va de vampiros the book’s about vampires

5 ( agradar)

:

el clima no me va the climate doesn’t suit me, I don’t like the climate;

ella no me va she’s not my kind of person;

no me va ni me viene I’m not bothered, I don’t care one way or the other

6 ( marchar, evolucionar) go;

ir bien/mal go well/badly

7 ( abarcar)

:

va de la página 12 a la 16 it goes from page 12 to page 16

8

:

¡qué va! you must be joking!;

¡vamos! come on!;

¡vaya! well!;

¿ha dicho eso? – ¡vamos! he said that? – no way!;

¡vaya una sorpresa! irón what a surprise!;

a eso voy I’m just getting to that;

eso va por ti también that goes for you too

II v/aux

1 con referencia al futuro

:

va a llover it’s going to rain;

va para abogado he’s going to be a lawyer

2 expresando proceso

:

ya voy comprendiendo I’m beginning to understand;

ir para viejo be getting old;

ya va anocheciendo it’s getting dark

3 con referencia al pasado

:

ya va para dos años it’s been almost two years now;

van tirados 3.000 3,000 have been printed

* * *

ir {43} vi

1) : to go

ir a pie: to go on foot, to walk

ir a caballo: to ride horseback

ir a casa: to go home

2) : to lead, to extend, to stretch

el camino va de Cali a Bogotá: the road goes from Cali to Bogotá

3) funcionar: to work, to function

esta computadora ya no va: this computer doesn't work anymore

4) : to get on, to get along

¿cómo te va?: how are you?, how's it going?

el negocio no va bien: the business isn't doing well

5) : to suit

ese vestido te va bien: that dress really suits you

6)

ir con : to be

ir con prisa: to be in a hurry

7)

ir por : to follow, to go along

fueron por la costa: they followed the shoreline

8)

dejarse ir : to let oneself go

9)

ir a parar : to end up

10)

vamos a ver : let's see

ir v aux

1) (with present participle)

ir caminando: to walk

¡voy corriendo!: I'll be right there!

2)

ir a : to be going to

voy a hacerlo: I'm going to do it

el avión va a despegar: the plane is about to take off

♦ See also the reflexive verb irse

* * *

ir vb

1. (en general) to go [pt. went; pp. gone]

¿adónde vas? where are you going?

fuimos a Madrid en tren we went to Madrid by train

no puedo ir a la fiesta I can't go to the party

ha ido a recoger a su hermano she's gone to pick her brother up

2. (marchar) to be / to get on / to go

¿cómo te va? how are you? / how's it going? / how are things?

¿cómo te va en el nuevo trabajo? how are you getting on in your new job?

¿cómo te fue en el examen? how did your exam go? / how did you get on in your exam?

3. (estar) to be

iba de broma I was joking

va en serio he's serious

mi reloj va atrasado my watch is slow

vas demasiado elegante you're too dressed up

4. (sentar bien) to suit

ese peinado te va muy bien that hairstyle really suits you

5. (gustar) to like / to be into

no me va la música rap I don't like rap music

6. (convenir) to do

te irá bien descansar un poco it'll do you good to get some rest

7. (funcionar) to work

el ascensor no va the lift's not working

ir + a + infinitivo to be going to do something

voy a decírselo I'm going to tell him

te iba a llamar I was going to phone you

ir + gerundio

vas mejorando you're getting better

va anocheciendo it's getting dark

¡vamos caminando! let's walk!

fuimos corriendo we ran

a ti ni te va ni te viene that's nothing to do with you

¿cómo van? (en un partido) what's the score?

ir a parar to end up

fue a parar a la cárcel he ended up in prison

ir con to go with / to match

esa blusa no va con ese pantalón that blouse doesn't go with those trousers

ir de (persona) to wear [pt. wore; pp. worn] (libro, película) to be about

va de uniforme he's wearing a uniform

la que va de negro the one in black

¿de qué va la película? what's the film about?

ir por to go and get

voy por el coche I'm going to get the car

ve por los niños go and get the children

ir tirando to get by / to manage

vamos tirando we get by / we're managing

¡qué va! no way! / not at all!

¡vamos a...! let's...!

¡vamos a bailar! let's dance!

¡vaya! well!

¡ya voy! I'm coming!

Spanish-English dictionary > ir
6 light

I
1.
noun
1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) luz

2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) luz, lámpara

3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) fuego

4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) perspectiva

2. adjective
1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) claro, luminoso

2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) claro

3. lit verb
1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) iluminar

2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) encender

•

- lightness

- lighten

- lighter
- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to
II

1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) ligero

2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) leve

3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) ligero

4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) más ligero

5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) ligero

6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) ágil

7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) ligero

8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) fino

9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) arenoso

•

- lightly

- lightness

- lighten

- light-fingered
- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light
III
= light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb
(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)

light¹ adj

1. claro

a light green shirt una camisa de color verde claro

2. ligero / que pesa poco

a light meal una comida ligera

feathers are very light las plumas pesan muy poco

I'm lighter than you peso menos que tú

3. luminoso / claro

it's a light room es una habitación muy luminosa

4. suave

a light breeze una brisa suave

to get light hacerse de día

light² n

1. luz

there's a lot of light in this room hay mucha luz en esta habitación

turn off the lights when you go to bed apaga las luces cuando te vayas a dormir

2. fuego

have you got a light? ¿tienes fuego?

light³ vb

1. encender / prender

she lit the candle with a match encendió la vela con una cerilla

2. iluminar / alumbrar

the stage is lit by several powerful spotlights el escenario se ilumina con varios focos potentes

El pasado y participio pasado de light es lit o lighted

light /lajt/ adjetivo invariable ‹ cigarrillos› low-tar; ‹ alimentos› low-calorie; ‹ refresco› diet ( before n)
light adj inv (cigarrillos) fuma Camel Light(tm), he smokes Camel Lights(tm) ' light' also found in these entries: Spanish: aeroplano - alumbrar - amanecer - año - aplique - avioneta - barrio - bombilla - buena - bueno - caballería - candela - cegador - cegadora - clara - claridad - claro - contraluz - deslumbrar - disco - duermevela - encender - enfocar - esclarecer - foco - fotómetro - fuego - iluminar - interruptor - leve - ligera - ligero - lumbre - luminosa - luminoso - luz - penumbra - piloto - pluma - precisa - preciso - prender - semáforo - sueño - tenue - tonadilla - trasluz - vaporosa - vaporoso - velomotor English: beam - blink - chink - deflect - fall - feather - flash - flicker - fluorescent light - go on - hand - infrared - light - light bulb - light switch - light up - light year - light-headed - light-hearted - off - pilot light - red light - red light district - see - shed - sleeper - strip light - tail-light - tone - traffic light - traffic lights - warning light - watt - absorb - admit - beacon - blind - block - bright - brighten - brilliant - bulb - candle - cast - come - dark - day - dazzle - dazzling - diet

light

tr[laɪt]

adjective

1 (not heavy) ligero,-a; (rain) fino,-a; (breeze) suave

■ as light as a feather ligero,-a como una pluma

■ give it a light tap with the hammer dale un golpe suave con el martillo

■ I'm a light smoker fumo poco

2 (sentence, wound) leve

3 (head) mareado,-a

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be light on something familiar andar mal de algo

to be light on one's feet ser ligero,-a de pies

to have light fingers tener los dedos largos, tener los dedos rápidos

to make light of something dar poca importancia a algo

to travel light viajar con poco equipaje

with a light heart con el corazón alegre

light aircraft avioneta

light ale cerveza clara

light opera opereta

light reading lectura fácil

————————

light

tr[laɪt]

intransitive verb

1 formal use architecture (alight) posarse (on, en)

————————

light

tr[laɪt]

noun

1 (gen) luz nombre femenino

■ by the light of a table lamp a la luz de una lámpara de mesa

■ bring it into the light tráelo aquí a la luz

2 (lamp) luz nombre femenino, lámpara; (traffic light) semáforo

■ the lights were (at) red el semáforo estaba (en) rojo

3 (for cigarette, fire) fuego

■ could you give me a light, please? ¿tiene fuego, por favor?

■ the boy set light to the branch el niño prendió fuego a la rama

transitive verb (pt & pp lighted o lit tr[lɪt])

1 (ignite) encender

2 (illuminate) iluminar, alumbrar

intransitive verb

1 encenderse

adjective

1 (colour) claro,-a; (complexion) blanco,-a

■ light blue azul claro

2 (bright) con mucha claridad

■ it was getting light when we got home cuando llegamos a casa ya se hacía de día

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

according to one's own lights formal use según su propio criterio

in (the) light of SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL en vista de, teniendo en cuenta

to bring something to light sacar algo a la luz

to come to light salir a luz

to go out like a light familiar quedarse roque

to see the light at the end of the tunnel ver la luz al final del túnel

to see things in a new light ver las cosas bajo otro aspecto

to shed light on something aclarar algo, arrojar luz sobre algo

to show somebody in a bad light hacer quedar mal a alguien

to throw light on something aclarar algo, arrojar luz sobre algo

light bulb bombilla

light industry industria ligera

light meter fotómetro

light pen SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL lápiz nombre masculino óptico

light year año luz

light ['laɪt] v, lit ['lɪt] or lighted ; lighting vt

1) illuminate: iluminar, alumbrar

2) ignite: encender, prenderle fuego a

light vi

: encenderse, prender

light vi, lighted or lit ['lɪt] ; lighting

1) land, settle: posarse

2) dismount: bajarse, apearse

light ['laɪt] adv

1) lightly: suavemente, ligeramente

2)

to travel light : viajar con poco equipaje

light adj

1) lightweight: ligero, liviano, poco pesado

2) easy: fácil, ligero, liviano

light reading: lectura fácil

light work: trabajo liviano

3) gentle, mild: fino, suave, leve

a light breeze: una brisa suave

a light rain: una lluvia fina

4) frivolous: de poca importancia, superficial

5) bright: bien iluminado, claro

6) pale: claro (dícese de los colores), rubio (dícese del pelo)

light n

1) illumination: luz f

2) daylight: luz f del día

3) dawn: amanecer m, madrugada f

4) lamp: lámpara f

to turn on off the light: apagar la luz

5) aspect: aspecto m

in a new light: con otros ojos

in the light of: en vista de, a la luz de

6) match: fósforo m, cerillo m

7)

to bring to light : sacar a (la) luz

light

adj.

• airoso, -a adj.

• blondo, -a adj.

• claro, -a adj.

• ingrávido, -a adj.

• leve adj.

• ligero, -a adj.

• liviano, -a adj.

• luz adj.

• rubio, -a adj.

• suelto, -a adj.

• sutil adj.

• tenue adj.

n.

• candela s.f.

• claro s.m.

• fuego s.m.

• lumbre s.f.

• lumbrera s.f.

• luz s.f.

• lámpara s.f.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: lit) = alumbrar v.

• brillar v.

• cebar v.

• encender v.

laɪt
I

noun

1) u luz f

light and shade — luz y sombra; ( Art) claroscuro m

by the light of the moon — a la luz de la luna

hold it up to the light — ponlo al trasluz or a contraluz

in o by the cold light of day it didn't seem such a good idea — al pensarlo mejor or en frío, no parecía tan buena idea

at first light — al clarear (el día), con las primeras luces

to bring something to light — sacar* algo a la luz

to come to light — salir* a la luz

to hide one's light under a bushel — ser* modesto

to see the light — abrir* los ojos, comprender las cosas

to see (the) light at the end of the tunnel — vislumbrar el fin de sus (or mis etc) problemas

to see the light (of day) — ver* la luz (del día)

to throw o cast o shed light on something — arrojar luz sobre algo; (before n)

light meter — fotómetro m

2) c

a) ( source of light) luz f; ( lamp) lámpara f

to turn the light off — apagar* la luz

to turn the light on — encender* or (AmL tb) prender or (Esp tb) dar* la luz

warning light — señal f luminosa

to go out like a light — (colloq) ( become unconscious) caer(se)* redondo; ( fall asleep) dormirse* como un tronco, caer* como piedra (AmL fam); (before n)

light switch — interruptor m

b) (of car, bicycle) luz f

brake lights — luces de frenado

c) ( traffic light) semáforo m

the lights were against us — nos tocaron los semáforos en contra or en rojo

3)

a) ( aspect) (no pl)

to see something/somebody in a good/bad/new o different light — ver* algo/a alguien con buenos/malos/otros ojos

it didn't show him in a very good light — no daba una imagen demasiado buena de él

b)

in the light of o (AmE also) in light of — (as prep) a la luz de, en vista de

4) c ( for igniting)

have you got a light? — ¿tienes fuego?

to put a o set light to something — prender fuego a algo

5) lights pl ( Culin) pulmón m

II

1) adjective -er, -est

Sense I

2) ( not heavy) ligero, liviano (esp AmL); < voice> suave

it's lighter than the other one — pesa menos que el otro, es más ligero or (esp AmL) liviano que el otro

with a light heart — tranquilo

she's a very light sleeper — tiene el sueño muy ligero or (esp AmL) liviano

3)

a) ( Meteo) <breeze/wind> suave

light rain — llovizna f

b) ( sparse)

the losses were fairly light — las pérdidas fueron de poca consideración or de poca monta

c) ( not strenuous) <work/duties> ligero, liviano (esp AmL)

d) ( not severe) < sentence> leve

4) ( not serious) <music/comedy/reading> ligero

a program of light entertainment — un programa de variedades

to make light of something — quitarle or restarle importancia a algo

Sense II

5)

a) ( pale) <green/brown> claro

b) ( bright)

it gets light very early these days — ahora amanece or aclara muy temprano

it's already light — ya es de día, ya está claro

III

adverb

to travel light — viajar con el mínimo de equipaje

IV
1.

transitive verb

1) (past & past p lighted or lit) ( set alight) encender*, prender

2) (past & past p lit) ( illuminate) \<\<room/scene\>\> iluminar

dimly/brightly lit — poco/muy iluminado

2.

vi (past & past p lighted or lit) encenderse*, prender

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up

I [laɪt] (vb: pt, pp lit or lighted)
1. N

1) (=not darkness) luz f

she was sitting with her back to the light or with the light behind her — estaba sentada de espaldas a la luz

the light was beginning to fade — estaba empezando a oscurecer

her hair is almost black in certain lights — según como le da la luz tiene el pelo casi negro

• against the light — al trasluz

to hold sth against the light — acercar algo a la luz, mirar algo al trasluz

• by the light of the moon/a candle — a la luz de la luna/de una vela

• at first light — al rayar el día

• you're (standing) in my light — me quitas la luz, me haces sombra

• light and shade — luz y sombra; (Art) claroscuro m

• to hold sth up to the light — acercar algo a la luz, mirar algo al trasluz

- see a light at the end of the tunnel

- bring sth to light

- shed or throw or cast light on sth

- in the cold light of day

- come to light

new facts have come to light — han salido a la luz nuevos datos

- light dawned on him/her

- hide one's light

- he was the light of her life

- see the light

- see the light of day
leading 2.
2) (=lamp) luz f

in the distance I could see the lights of a town — a lo lejos veía las luces de una ciudad

to switch on or turn on the light — encender la luz

to switch off or turn off the light — apagar la luz

- go out like a light
bright 3., runway
3) (=electricity) luz f

electric light — luz f eléctrica

4) (Aut) (on vehicle) luz f

• rear or tail lights — pilotos mpl, luces fpl traseras, calaveras fpl (Mex)

• reversing lights — luces fpl de marcha atrás

5) (=traffic signal) semáforo m

a red/green/amber light — un semáforo en rojo/verde/ámbar

to go through a red light — saltarse un semáforo en rojo

the lights — el semáforo

the lights were at or on red — el semáforo estaba en rojo

the lights were against us all the way — nos tocaron todos los semáforos en rojo
green 4.
6) (=viewpoint)

• according to or by sb's lights — frm según el parecer de algn

• to see things/look at sth in a different or new light — ver las cosas/mirar algo con una perspectiva distinta or desde otro punto de vista

I began to see my friends in a new light — empecé a ver a mis amigos con otros ojos

• to show or portray sth/sb in a good/ bad light — dar una buena/mala imagen de algo/algn

this shows our country in a bad light — esto da una mala imagen de nuestro país

• in the light of what you have said... — en vista de or a la luz de lo que has dicho...

7) (=glint, twinkle) brillo m

there was a strange light in his eye — había un brillo extraño en su mirada

8) (=flame)

• have you got a light? — (for cigarette) ¿tienes fuego?

• to set light to sth — (Brit) prender fuego a algo
strike 2., 3)
9) (Archit) cristal m, vidrio m

2. ADJ
(compar lighter) (superl lightest)
1) (=bright) [room, hallway] con bastante luz

her house is light and airy — su casa tiene bastante luz y ventilación

light summer evenings — las claras tardes de verano

while it's still light — mientras es de día or hay luz

• to get light — hacerse de día

2) (=pale) [colour] claro; [hair] rubio, güero (CAm, Mex); [skin] blanco

light blue/green — azul/verde claro

light in colour — de color claro

3. VT

1) (=illuminate) iluminar

she appeared at a lighted window — se asomó a la ventana de una habitación iluminada

to be lit up * — estar achispado *

to light the way for sb — alumbrar (el camino) a algn

2) (=ignite) [+ match, candle, fire] encender, prender; [+ cigarette] encender

4.

VI (=ignite) encenderse, prender

the fire wouldn't light — el fuego no se encendía, el fuego no prendía

5.

CPD

light bulb N — bombilla f, foco m (And), bombillo m (Col, Ven)

light fitting N — instalación eléctrica donde se colocan bombillas, tubos fluorescentes etc

light meter N — (Phot) fotómetro m

light pen N — lápiz m óptico

light show N — espectáculo m de luces

lights out N — hora f de apagar las luces

what time is lights out? — ¿a qué hora se apagan las luces?

light switch N — interruptor m

light wave N — onda f luminosa

light year N — año m luz

3000 light years away — a una distancia de 3000 años luz

- light out

- light up

II [laɪt]
1. ADJ
(compar lighter) (superl lightest)
1) (in weight) [object, clothing, equipment] ligero, liviano (LAm); [step] ligero

I want to be ten pounds lighter — quiero adelgazar diez libras

I'm ten pounds lighter than I was — peso diez libras menos que antes

• to be light on one's feet — ser ligero de pies

• with a light heart — (=cheerfully) con el corazón alegre; (=without thinking) a la ligera

• you need a light touch to make good pastry — necesitas manos de seda para conseguir una buena masa

- as light as a feather

2) (=scanty, slight) [breeze] leve, suave; [shower] ligero

a light rain was falling — lloviznaba

a light fall of snow — una ligera nevada

trading was light on the Stock Exchange — hubo poca actividad en la Bolsa

traffic was light — había poco tráfico

the speech was light on content — el discurso tenía poco contenido

3) (Culin) [meal, food, cake] ligero, liviano (LAm)

4) (=low-alcohol) de bajo contenido alcohólico, de bajo contenido en alcohol; (=low-calorie) light, bajo en calorías; (=low-tar) light, de bajo contenido en alquitrán

5) (=soft) [sound] leve; [voice] suave

there was a light tapping on the door — se oyeron unos golpecitos a la puerta

6) (=not demanding) [work, duties] ligero

she can only manage light work — solo puede realizar tareas ligeras

- make light work of sth

7) (=not serious) [novel, music] ligero

• to make light of sth — quitar importancia a algo

• on a lighter note — hablando de cosas menos serias

• take along some light reading — llévate algo fácil de leer

8) (=not harsh) [sentence] leve

9) (=shallow)

• she had drifted into a light sleep — se había quedado medio dormida

• to be a light sleeper — tener el sueño ligero

10) (=loose) [soil] poco denso

2.

ADV

• to travel light — viajar con poco equipaje

3. N

1) lights (Culin) † pulmones mpl

2) (=cigarette) cigarrillo m light, cigarrillo m de bajo contenido en alquitrán

4.

CPD

light aircraft N — avión m ligero

light ale, light beer (US) N — cerveza f rubia, cerveza f clara

light cream N — (US) (=single cream) nata f líquida

light entertainment N — (TV) programas mpl de variedades

a stand-up comedian provided light entertainment — un humorista amenizó la velada

light heavyweight N — (=cruiserweight) peso m semipesado

light industry N — industria f ligera

light infantry N — infantería f ligera

light opera N — (=show) opereta f; (=genre) género m lírico

light verse N — poesías fpl festivas

III

[laɪt]
(pt, pp lit or lighted) VI
to light on sth — liter dar con algo, tropezar con algo, encontrar algo

* * *
[laɪt]
I

noun

1) u luz f

light and shade — luz y sombra; ( Art) claroscuro m

by the light of the moon — a la luz de la luna

hold it up to the light — ponlo al trasluz or a contraluz

in o by the cold light of day it didn't seem such a good idea — al pensarlo mejor or en frío, no parecía tan buena idea

at first light — al clarear (el día), con las primeras luces

to bring something to light — sacar* algo a la luz

to come to light — salir* a la luz

to hide one's light under a bushel — ser* modesto

to see the light — abrir* los ojos, comprender las cosas

to see (the) light at the end of the tunnel — vislumbrar el fin de sus (or mis etc) problemas

to see the light (of day) — ver* la luz (del día)

to throw o cast o shed light on something — arrojar luz sobre algo; (before n)

light meter — fotómetro m

2) c

a) ( source of light) luz f; ( lamp) lámpara f

to turn the light off — apagar* la luz

to turn the light on — encender* or (AmL tb) prender or (Esp tb) dar* la luz

warning light — señal f luminosa

to go out like a light — (colloq) ( become unconscious) caer(se)* redondo; ( fall asleep) dormirse* como un tronco, caer* como piedra (AmL fam); (before n)

light switch — interruptor m

b) (of car, bicycle) luz f

brake lights — luces de frenado

c) ( traffic light) semáforo m

the lights were against us — nos tocaron los semáforos en contra or en rojo

3)

a) ( aspect) (no pl)

to see something/somebody in a good/bad/new o different light — ver* algo/a alguien con buenos/malos/otros ojos

it didn't show him in a very good light — no daba una imagen demasiado buena de él

b)

in the light of o (AmE also) in light of — (as prep) a la luz de, en vista de

4) c ( for igniting)

have you got a light? — ¿tienes fuego?

to put a o set light to something — prender fuego a algo

5) lights pl ( Culin) pulmón m

II

1) adjective -er, -est

Sense I

2) ( not heavy) ligero, liviano (esp AmL); < voice> suave

it's lighter than the other one — pesa menos que el otro, es más ligero or (esp AmL) liviano que el otro

with a light heart — tranquilo

she's a very light sleeper — tiene el sueño muy ligero or (esp AmL) liviano

3)

a) ( Meteo) <breeze/wind> suave

light rain — llovizna f

b) ( sparse)

the losses were fairly light — las pérdidas fueron de poca consideración or de poca monta

c) ( not strenuous) <work/duties> ligero, liviano (esp AmL)

d) ( not severe) < sentence> leve

4) ( not serious) <music/comedy/reading> ligero

a program of light entertainment — un programa de variedades

to make light of something — quitarle or restarle importancia a algo

Sense II

5)

a) ( pale) <green/brown> claro

b) ( bright)

it gets light very early these days — ahora amanece or aclara muy temprano

it's already light — ya es de día, ya está claro

III

adverb

to travel light — viajar con el mínimo de equipaje

IV
1.

transitive verb

1) (past & past p lighted or lit) ( set alight) encender*, prender

2) (past & past p lit) ( illuminate) \<\<room/scene\>\> iluminar

dimly/brightly lit — poco/muy iluminado

2.

vi (past & past p lighted or lit) encenderse*, prender

Phrasal Verbs:

- light up

English-spanish dictionary > light
7 fall

I [fɔːl] 1. гл.; прош. вр. fell, прич. прош. вр. fallen
1)

а) = fall down / over падать ( с высоты)

to fall off a table — упасть со стола

to fall on one's back — падать на спину

to fall back — падать назад

to fall prostrate — упасть навзничь

The apple fell from the tree. — Яблоко упало с дерева.

He fell down the stairs. — Он упал с лестницы.

The child has fallen down and hurt his knee. — Ребёнок упал и ушиб колено.

The little girl fell over and hit her head. — Маленькая девочка упала и ударилась головой.

We fell on our knees before her. — Мы упали перед ней на колени.

I fell back and hurt my head. — Я упал назад и ушиб голову.

The boy fell through the ice. — Мальчик провалился под лёд.

The water's deep here, mind you don't fall in. — Здесь глубоко, смотри не упади в воду.

The roof of the mine fell in, trapping the miners. — Кровля шахты провалилась, и шахтёры оказались отрезанными.

He fell over a rock in his path. — Он споткнулся о камень, который лежал на его пути, и упал.

Syn:

drop, tumble, topple, collapse

б) = fall off отпадать, отваливаться

My top button has fallen off. — У меня оторвалась и упала верхняя пуговица.

2)

а) упасть, потерять положение в обществе; пасть морально

How many innocents have fallen and become hardened sinners! — Сколько невинных пали и стали неисправимыми грешниками!

By going to the club Patrick fell among a bad group of people and started stealing people's money. — Патрик стал ходить в клуб, связался с какими-то подонками и стал грабить людей.

Syn:

transgress, succumb, lapse, sin, err

б) потерять невинность, утратить целомудрие ( обычно о женщине); забеременеть

We had been married eight months before I fell. — Мы были женаты восемь месяцев, прежде чем я забеременела.

3) падать, идти (об осадках, звёздах)

4) приходить, наступать (о беде, болезни, сне); охватить ( о чувстве)

A great stillness fell upon the place. — Наступила мёртвая тишина.

Wonder fell on all. — Все изумились.

5) спускаться, наступать (о темноте, ночи)

Night fell. — Спустилась ночь.

Dusk is falling. — Спускаются сумерки.

6) = fall out опадать; выпадать прям. и перен.

Her hair fell, and her face looked older. — Её волосы поредели и лицо выглядело более старым.

Your hair is beginning to fall out. — Ваши волосы начинают выпадать.

7) опускаться, падать

to let fall — опускать, спускать (якорь, занавес, паруса)

to let fall a perpendicular — опускать перпендикуляр

8) ниспадать, (свободно) падать (об одежде, волосах)

Her dress falls in pleats from the waist. — Её платье спадает от талии свободными складками.

Syn:

slope, droop, cascade, descend, drop

9) рождаться ( о ягнятах)

10) ( fall from) срываться, слетать с ( уст)

every word that fell from her lips — каждое слово, которое слетало с её губ

11) опускаться, убывать

There were signs of clearing in the west, and the waves began to fall. — На западе стало проясняться, и волны стали успокаиваться.

12) ухудшаться

My spirits fell. — Моё настроение упало.

I'm disappointed in your work: it has fallen below your usual standard. — Я недоволен вашей работой, обычно вы работали лучше.

Your work has fallen from the level we expected from you. — Уровень вашей работы ниже, чем мы от вас ожидали.

Syn:

decline

13)

а) = fall down спускаться вниз по (чему-л.)

to fall down the river — спускаться вниз по реке

б) = fall off спускаться, иметь наклон ( о местности)

The land falls off here towards the river. — Здесь резкий спуск к реке.

Syn:

slope

14) впадать (о реке, потоке)

15) стихать, ослабевать, успокаиваться (о ветре, погоде)

Flames leaped up suddenly and fell again. — Языки пламени внезапно взметнулись вверх и снова погасли.

The storm fell before seven o'clock. — Буря затихла к семи часам.

Syn:

abate, calm 3.

16) терять живость; вытягиваться ( о выражении лица)

The countenance of the old man fell. — Лицо старика вытянулось.

Caleb's face fell a full inch. — Лицо Калеба вытянулось на целый дюйм.

17) наклоняться; опускаться ( о глазах)

18) падать, снижаться (о температуре, ценах)

The temperature has fallen below zero. —Температура упала ниже нуля.

The cost of meat finally fell. — Цены на мясо наконец снизились.

The class has fallen below ten students this year. — В этом году в классе осталось меньше десяти человек.

Syn:

decline, come down, decrease, diminish, cheapen, depreciate

19) пасть, сдаваться, капитулировать (о городе, крепости, корабле)

On the third day of the attack, the town fell. — На третий день штурма город пал.

Syn:

surrender, be captured, be overthrown, be defeated, be taken, pass into enemy hands, collapse, capitulate, succumb

20) пасть; быть сброшенным ( о власти); гибнуть

to fall from power — лишиться власти

The Ministry was certain to fall in a short time. — Было очевидно, что правительство падёт очень быстро.

Syn:

be overthrown, perish

21) погибать

to fall in battle — пасть в бою

22) карт. быть взятой, быть битой ( более крупной картой)

23) крим. быть арестованным; быть осуждённым; быть посаженным в тюрьму

24) обваливаться, оседать (о здании и т. п.)

One of the towers had fallen with its own weight. — Одна из башен развалилась под собственной тяжестью.

25) ( fall into)

а) делиться, распадаться на (что-л.)

to fall into three categories — делиться на три категории

б) = fall under / within принадлежать к (какому-л. классу)

to fall into the category — относиться к категории, подпадать под категорию

The population that falls under the category of poor is less than 7%. — Менее семи процентов населения подпадают под категорию бедных.

Your suggestion falls within the general area of reorganization. — Ваше предложение - из серии идей по реорганизации.

26) падать, выпадать, доставаться

to fall to smb.'s lot — выпадать на чью-л. долю

The lot fell upon him. — Жребий пал на него.

The expense must fall upon the purchaser. — Затраты должны падать на покупателя.

They alone fall to be considered here. — Здесь только на них и следует обращать внимание.

The property will fall to the eldest son. — Имущество достанется старшему сыну.

27) падать ( об ударении)

The stress falls on the second syllable. — Ударение падает на второй слог.

28) ( fall in(to)) впадать в (какое-л. состояние); оказываться в (каком-л. положении)

to fall into a rage — впадать в бешенство

to fall into a sleep — погружаться в сон

to fall into an error — впадать в ошибку

to fall into disfavour — попасть в немилость

to fall into disrepute — иметь дурную славу

Henry fell into one of his fearful rages. — Генри впал в один из своих страшных приступов бешенства.

to fall in love — ( with) влюбиться (в кого-л.)

to fall out of love — ( with) разлюбить (кого-л.)

29) ( fall for) влюбиться в (кого-л.); полюбить (что-л.)

Jim fell for Mary in a big way when they first met. — Джим по уши влюбился в Мэри с того самого дня, когда они встретились.

I think you're going to fall for this film. — Мне кажется, тебе понравится этот фильм.

30) ( fall for) попадаться на (удочку, уловку и пр.)

Don't fall for that old trick, he's trying to persuade you to buy his goods. — Не поддайся на эту старую как мир уловку, он же хочет впарить тебе свой товар.

31) (fall + гл., прил.) становиться, перейти в состояние (чего-л.)

to fall asleep — заснуть

to fall astern — мор. отстать

to fall dead — упасть замертво

to fall dumb — онеметь

to fall silent — замолчать

to fall heir — стать наследником

The memory of his faults had already fallen to be one of those old aches. — Память о его вине превратилась в застарелую боль.

- fall sick

32) ( fall (up)on) приходиться, падать, происходить, иметь место

My birthday falls on Sunday. — Мой день рождения попадает на воскресенье.

New Year's Day falls on a Wednesday. — Новый Год приходится на среду.

Syn:

occur, happen, take place, come off, come around

33) рубить, валить ( деревья); валиться ( о дереве)

Syn:

cut down, fell

34) ( fall from) бросать, покидать (кого-л.), отказываться от верности (кому-л.)

The followers of Louis were falling from him. — Сторонники Людовика покидали его.

35) ( fall into) начинать (что-л.), приниматься за (что-л.); приобретать (привычку и т. п.)

You have fallen into a bad habit of repeating yourself. — У вас появилась дурная привычка повторяться.

I fell into conversation with an interesting man. — Я вступил в разговор с интересным собеседником.

36) ( fall (up)on) нападать на (что-л.), налетать на (что-л.); набрасываться на (что-л.)

to fall on a fleet — атаковать флот

The hungry children fell on the food. — Голодные дети набросились на еду.

37) ( fall (up)on) выпадать на (чью-л. долю), доставаться (кому-л.)

It falls on me to thank our chairman for his speech. — Мне выпала честь поблагодарить нашего председателя за его речь.

The blame fell on me as usual. — Как обычно, всю вину возложили на меня.

38) ( fall (up)on) работать над (чем-л.), разрабатывать (что-л.)

He fell on the new idea and in the course of time wrote an important book about it. — Он принялся разрабатывать эту идею и через некоторое время написал большую книгу по этому вопросу.

39) ( fall (up)on) достигать

to fall on the ear — достигать слуха ( о звуке)

40) (fall under / within) попадать в (сферу действия чего-л.); подвергаться (чему-л.)

to fall within one's jurisdiction — входить в чью-л. компетенцию

to fall under smb.'s influence — попадать под чьё-л. влияние

to fall under the item 26 — подпадать под действие раздела 26

If the answer to your difficulty falls within my experience, I'll give you all the help I can. — Если ваш вопрос относится к сфере моего опыта, я окажу Вам всю возможную помощь.

These states of matter will fall under our observation. — Данное положение дел будет контролироваться нами.

41) ( fall to) приниматься за (что-л.), начинать делать (что-л.); набрасываться на (что-л.)

They fell to work immediately. — Они сразу взялись за работу.

I fell to thinking about the happy days of the past. — Я принялся думать о счастливых днях прошлого.

Syn:

begin, set about

•

- fall about
- fall abreast of
- fall across
- fall apart
- fall away
- fall back
- fall behind
- fall down
- fall foul of
- fall in

- fall off
- fall out
- fall through
••

to fall into line / step with smb. — подчиняться, соглашаться с кем-л.

to fall over one another / each other — драться, бороться, соперничать друг с другом

to fall over backwards to do smth. — разг. лезть из кожи вон, чтобы сделать что-л.

to fall prey / sacrifice / victim to — прям. и перен. пасть жертвой (чего-л.)

- fall on one's face

- fall from grace

- fall over oneself
- fall over backwards
- fall to the ground
- fall to pieces
- fall into place 2. сущ.
1) падение

bad / nasty fall — неудачное падение

free fall (of a parachutist) — свободное падение (парашютиста)

to have / take a fall — падать

The net broke the tightrope walker's fall. — Сетка смягчила падение канатоходца.

Syn:

drop, falling, spill

2) моральное падение; потеря чести; потеря невинности

The play was about the fall of an honest man. — В пьесе говорилось о моральном падении честного человека.

Syn:

corruption, ruin, slip, downfall

3) ( the Fall) рел. грехопадение (согласно Библии, утрата человеком изначальной чистоты и богоподобия в результате первого греха - непослушания Богу; соблазнённые сатаной в образе змея, Адам и Ева нарушили запрет и вкусили плод с древа познания добра и зла, за что были изгнаны из рая)

the Fall of Man — грехопадение человека, грехопадение Адама

4) падение, сбрасывание; выпадение (осадков, метеоритов); количество осадков, выпавших за один раз или за определённый период времени

fall of leaves — сбрасывание листьев

fall of snow — выпадение снега

5) приближение, наступление (сумерек, ночи, зимы)

6) выпадение (зубов и т. п.)

7) амер. осень

early fall — ранняя осень

late fall — поздняя осень

in (the) fall — осенью

Syn:

autumn

8) око́т, рождение (ягнят и т. п.)

The principal fall of lambs takes place now. — Именно сейчас идёт основной окот овец.

9) помёт, выводок

10) убывание ( обычно о волнах); отлив

Syn:

ebb, subsidence

11) упадок, закат

the fall of the empire — упадок империи

Syn:

decline, decay

12) заключительный период, завершающая часть (дня, года, жизни)

fall of day — закат

fall of the year — осень

13) впадение ( реки)

14) ( falls) водопад

Niagara Falls — Ниагарский водопад

We could see the spray from the falls. — Мы видели брызги от водопада.

Syn:

waterfall, cascade, cataract

15)

а) обрыв, склон, откос ( холма); скат, спуск

The girls saw a little fall of the ground. — Девочки увидели небольшой откос.

Syn:

declivity, slope

б) высота (обрыва, склона и т. п.)

16) понижение, снижение, падение (температуры и т. п.)

17) муз. каданс, каденция

Syn:

cadence

18) нисходящая интонация ( в речи)

19) снижение, падение, понижение ( цен)

Yesterday saw a sudden fall in stock prices. — Вчера произошло резкое падение биржевого курса.

Syn:

drop, decline, sinking, reduction, lowering

20) спорт.

а) прижатие соперника спиной к мату ( в борьбе)

б) схватка, раунд

21)

а) рубка леса

б) лес, сваленный за один сезон

22) = fall trap капкан, ловушка, западня

Syn:

deadfall

23) падение, поражение, капитуляция ( о городе или крепости)

the fall of Troy — падение Трои

The fall of the city followed heavy bombardment. — Сдаче города предшествовала сильная бомбардировка.

Syn:

surrender, capitulation, overthrow, capture, defeat

24) смерть

And women rent their tresses for their great prince's fall. — И женщины рвали на себе волосы, горюя о смерти своего великого государя.

Syn:

death, destruction, overthrow

25) крим.

а) арест

б) период тюремного заключения

26)

а) покрывало, вуаль

б) ниспадающий воротник

в) широкий передний карман на брюках

г) три лепестка (обычно свисающих) ириса

д) длинная шерсть на морде у некоторых пород собак

е) шиньон из длинных волос

27) крышка ( фортепиано)

28) тех.; = block and fall канат, цепь подъёмного блока

29) мор. фал

30) тех. напор; высота напора

••

Pride will have a fall. посл. — Гордыня до добра не доводит.
II [fɔːl] сущ.; диал.
1) крик, издаваемый китобоями, когда кит оказывается в пределах видимости или в пределах загарпунивания

2) преследование кита или стаи китов

Англо-русский современный словарь > fall
8 tight

taɪt
1. прил.
1) а) сжатый, сжавшийся, тесный, плотный, компактный;
непроницаемый б) плотно прилегающий, тесный (о платье, обуви) в) тугой, туго натянутый, туго завязанный (и т.д.) г) узкий, неширокий I feel cold as a razor blade, tight as a tourniquet, dry as a funeral drum. ≈ Я холоден как бритва, зажат, как в турникете, сух, как звук похоронного барабана (Pink Floyd, "The Wall", "One of my turns")
2) а) трудный, тяжелый( об обстоятельствах) to be in a tight place/corner ≈ быть в трудном положении б) скудный, недостаточный( о средствах и т. п.) в) разг. скупой, жадный, прижимистый
3) а) сжатый, краткий( о стиле и т. п.) б) диал. аккуратный, опрятный( об одежде)
4) разг. пьяный tight as a drum/brick ≈ мертвецки пьяный ∙
2. нареч.
1) тесно
2) крепко
3) прочно, сильно, плотно, туго The door was shut tight. ≈ Дверь была плотно закрыта. Syn: fast, tightly, firmly the door was shut tight (американизм) трудное или тяжелое положение - he got in a * он попал в трудное положение, ему пришлось нелегко( американизм) (редкое) свалка вокруг мяча (регби) туго завязанный, тугой - * knot крепко завязанный /тугой/ узел - * belt туго затянутый пояс - the trigger of the gun was * спуск у ружья был тугой крепкий - to take a * grip on smth крепко ухватиться за что-л., вцепиться во что-л. - be sure that it's * смотри, чтобы прочно держалось плотный, непроницаемый;
компактный;
герметический - * ship корабль без течи - * case непромокаемый чехол - * barrel /cask/ бочонок для жидкости - * cooper бондарь, который делает бочонки для жидкости - * coil (сельскохозяйственное) сухая /уплотненная/ почва - * cloth( редкое) плотная материя - * defense( военное) сплошная оборона - * formation (авиация) сомкнутый строй - the roof is * крыша не протекает плотно закрытый - with * lips плотно сжав губы плотно пригнанный - * cork плотно пригнанная /сидящая/ пробка - * drawer с трудом открывающийся ящик - * fit (техническое) неподвижная посадка - the nut is * гайка завинчена до упора тесный, обуженный, узкий;
облегающий - * shoe тесный ботинок - the shoe is * ботинок жмет - the hat is * шляпа мала - too * облегающий - it's a * fit тесновато (о платье и т. п.) - * at the shoulders узкий в плечах - my coat is * across the chest пальто мне узко в груди - the dress is * round the waist платье тесновато в талии туго натянутый, напряженный - drum * тугой как барабан - * canvas туго натянутое полотно плотно забитый, набитый, заполненный - the straits were * with ice проливы были забиты льдом плотный;
заполненный, напряженный - * shedule плотный график - I work to a very * schedule в моей работе все расписано по минутам (сленг) навеселе, под мухой, на взводе - quite * сильно навеселе - as * as a drum /as a brick/ мертвецки пьяный - to get * надраться, нализаться трудный, тяжелый - * situation трудная ситуация, тяжелое положение - he had * going for a few years в течение нескольких лет ему приходилось очень трудно трудно добываемый - money is * деньги трудно достать;
денег не хватает /мало/ - money is a bit * with me я несколько стеснен в средствах, у меня нет свободных денег - markets are * на рынках ощущается острый недостаток товаров строгий, жесткий - * restrictions строгие ограничения - * security строгие меры безопасности - * rein жесткая дисциплина - to keep a * hand /rein/ on smb. держать кого-л. в ежовых рукавицах - to rule with a * hand управлять железной рукой - the larger the audience, the *er the controls чем больше аудитория, тем строже проверка сжатый, скупой;
скованный (о языке) - his style is a little * у него немного сухая манера изложения, слог его несколько суховат скрытный, сдержанный, неразговорчивый - he is a * talker он не болтлив;
он не говорит лишнего (разговорное) скупой, скаредный, прижимистый - to be * with one's money придерживать /скупо расходовать/ деньги (диалектизм) опрятный, аккуратный - * lad подтянутый юноша - * little vessel опрятное суденышко( диалектизм) живой;
способный, искусный;
ловкий - that's a * fellow! ловкий, ничего не скажешь! (спортивное) почти равный( о шансах) - * match состязание равных, состязания с почти равными шансами у участников > * bargain( американизм) сделка с небольшими шансами нажиться > * corner /place, spot, squeeze/ опасное /рискованное/ или трудное положение > his lies got him in a * place он так заврался, что теперь ему будет нелегко выпутаться > up * (сленг) возбужденный, взвинченный;
с нервами на взводе > if everything remains * если все будет в порядке плотно, крепко, туго - to close smth. * плотно закрыть что-л. - to tie the rope * крепко завязать веревку - to hold /to keep/ smth. * крепко держать что-л.;
натягивать что-л. - hold *! держись крепче! - to draw smth. * затягивать что-л. - to hold * on with both hands крепко держаться двумя руками - to shut one's eyes * крепко зажмурить /закрыть глаза - to screw a nut up * завинтить гайку до упора - to hug smb. * крепко обнимать кого-л. плотно, тесно - a coat made to fit * around the waist пальто, сшитое в талию - his suit sits * upon him костюм ему тесен - he sat * on a horse он сидел в седле, как влитой - this prospect holds them * to their work эта перспектива заставляет их держаться за работу (диалектизм) (американизм) крепко, глубоко, основательно - to be * asleep крепко спать > to sit * крепко держаться за свои права;
не уступать, стоять на своем > to keep one's mouth * shut держать язык за зубами > blow me *! (устаревшее) ну и ну!, черт возьми! ~ трудный, тяжелый;
to be in a tight place (или corner) быть в трудном положении to get (smb.) in a ~ corner загнать( кого-л.) в угол, прижать( кого-л.) к стенке ~ скудный, недостаточный (о средствах и т. п.) ;
money is tight мало денег tight диал. аккуратный, опрятный (об одежде) -tight: -tight в сложных словах означает непроницаемый;
water-tight водонепроницаемый tight: tight крепко;
to sit tight твердо держаться;
не сдавать своих позиций ~ напряженный ~ недостаточный, стесненный, напряженный, плотный, ограниченный ~ недостаточный ~ непроницаемый ~ ограниченный ~ плотно прилегающий, тесный (о платье, обуви) ~ плотный, компактный;
сжатый ~ плотный ~ разг. пьяный;
tight as a drum (или a brick) мертвецки пьяный ~ сдерживаемый ~ сжатый (о стиле и т. п.) ~ скудный, недостаточный (о средствах и т. п.) ;
money is tight мало денег ~ разг. скупой ~ стесненный ~ тесно ~ трудный, тяжелый;
to be in a tight place (или corner) быть в трудном положении ~ туго, плотно ~ тугой;
туго натянутый;
туго завязанный (узел) tightly: tightly = tight ~ разг. пьяный;
tight as a drum (или a brick) мертвецки пьяный

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > tight
9 go off

go off

1) (explode, fire) [ bomb] esplodere

the gun didn't go off — la pistola non ha sparato

2) [ alarm clock] suonare; [ fire alarm] scattare

3) (depart) partire, andarsene

he went off to work — se ne è andato al lavoro

4) BE (go bad) andare a male; [milk, cream] inacidire; [ meat] avariarsi; [ butter] irrancidire; (deteriorate) [performer, athlete] non essere più in forma; [ work] peggiorare; (lose one's attractiveness) [ person] imbruttirsi

5) colloq. (fall asleep) addormentarsi

6) (cease to operate) [lights, heating] spegnersi

7) (happen, take place) [evening, event] andare, riuscire

8) teatr. lasciare la scena, uscire di scena; go off [sb., sth.] BE

I've gone off whisky — non mi piace più il whisky

I think she's gone off the idea — penso che abbia abbandonato l'idea

* * *

1) ((of a bomb etc) to explode: The little boy was injured when the firework went off in his hand.) esplodere

2) ((of an alarm) to ring: When the alarm went off the thieves ran away.) suonare

3) (to leave: He went off yesterday.) partire

4) (to begin to dislike: I've gone off cigarettes.) smettere di, perdere il gusto per

5) (to become rotten: That meat has gone off.) scadere in qualità

6) (to stop working: The fan has gone off.) fermarsi

* * *

1. vi + adv

1) (leave) partire, andarsene

they went off after lunch — se ne sono andati dopo pranzo

to go off (to sleep) — addormentarsi

2) (cease to operate: lights etc) spegnersi

all the lights went off — si sono spente tutte le luci

3) (explode) esplodere, scoppiare, (alarm clock) suonare

the bomb went off at ten o'clock — la bomba è scoppiata alle 10

the gun went off by accident — è partito un colpo accidentalmente

my alarm goes off at seven — la sveglia suona alle sette

4) (food) andare a male, guastarsi

this milk has gone off — il latte è andato a male

5) (event) andare

the party went off well — la festa è riuscita bene

2. vi + prep

(cease to like: thing) perdere il gusto di, (person) non poter più vedere

I've gone off the idea — l'idea non mi piace più

I've gone off chocolate — la cioccolata non mi piace più

* * *

go off

1) (explode, fire) [ bomb] esplodere

the gun didn't go off — la pistola non ha sparato

2) [ alarm clock] suonare; [ fire alarm] scattare

3) (depart) partire, andarsene

he went off to work — se ne è andato al lavoro

4) BE (go bad) andare a male; [milk, cream] inacidire; [ meat] avariarsi; [ butter] irrancidire; (deteriorate) [performer, athlete] non essere più in forma; [ work] peggiorare; (lose one's attractiveness) [ person] imbruttirsi

5) colloq. (fall asleep) addormentarsi

6) (cease to operate) [lights, heating] spegnersi

7) (happen, take place) [evening, event] andare, riuscire

8) teatr. lasciare la scena, uscire di scena; go off [sb., sth.] BE

I've gone off whisky — non mi piace più il whisky

I think she's gone off the idea — penso che abbia abbandonato l'idea

English-Italian dictionary > go off
10 Á

shall

* * *

a negative suffix to verbs, not;

era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.

* * *

1.

á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]

With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.

WITH DAT.

A. Loc.

I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.

II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.

2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).

3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.

4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.

III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).

B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:

I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.

II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.

III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.

IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.

C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:

I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.

2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.

3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.

II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.

III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.

IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’

2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.

V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.

VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.

VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.

VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.

WITH ACC.

A. Loc.

I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.

2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.

3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.

II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:

1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.

2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.

III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.

IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.

V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.

VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.

VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.

B. TEMP.

I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.

II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.

III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.

IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.

V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.

VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.

VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.

C. Metaph. and in various relations:

I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.

β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.

II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:

1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.

2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.

3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.

β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.

III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.

IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:

1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.

2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.

3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.

V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.

VI. connected with nouns,

1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.

2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.

3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.

VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.

2.

f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.

COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á
11 which

1. adjective
1) interrog. welch...

which one — welcher/welche/welches

which ones — welche

which one of you did it? — wer von euch hat es getan?

which way — (how) wie; (in which direction) wohin

2) rel. welch... (geh.)

he usually comes at one o'clock, at which time I'm having lunch/by which time I've finished — er kommt immer um ein Uhr; dann esse ich gerade zu Mittag/bis dahin bin ich schon fertig
2. pronoun
1) interrog. welcher/welche/welches

which of you? — wer von euch?

which is which? — welcher/welche/welches ist welcher/welche/welches?

2) rel. der/die/das; welcher/welche/welches (veralt.); referring to a clause was

of which — dessen/deren

everything which I predicted — alles, was ich vorausgesagt habe

the crime of which you accuse him — das Verbrechen, dessen Sie ihn anklagen

I intervened, after which they calmed down — ich griff ein, worauf[hin] sie sich beruhigten

Our Father, which art in Heaven — (Rel.) Vater unser, der du bist im Himmel

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[wi ] 1. adjective, pronoun
(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) welche
2. relative pronoun
((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) welche
3. relative adjective, relative pronoun
(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.) welche

- academic.ru/81975/whichever">whichever
- which is which? - which is which
* * *

which

[(h)wɪtʃ]

I. pron

1. interrog (one of choice) welche(r, s)

\which is mine? the smaller one? welches gehört mir? das Kleinere?

it was either Spanish or Portuguese, I've forgotten \which es war entweder Spanisch oder Portugiesisch, ich habe vergessen, welches von beiden

\which are the best varieties of grapes for long keeping? welche Traubensorten halten sich am besten?

\which of your parents do you feel closer to? welchem Elternteil fühlst du dich enger verbunden?

\which of you knows where the keys are kept? wer von euch weiß, wo die Schlüssel sind?

those two paintings look so alike I'm surprised anyone can tell \which is \which diese zwei Bilder sind so ähnlich, dass es mich wundert, dass sie jemand unterscheiden kann

I really can't tell them apart — \which is \which? ich kann sie nicht auseinanderhalten — wer ist wer?

2. rel (with defining clause) der/die/das

you know that little Italian restaurant — the one \which I mentioned in my letter? kennst du das kleine italienische Restaurant — das, das ich in meinem Brief erwähnt habe?

these are the principles \which we all believe in das sind die Prinzipien, an die wir alle glauben

a conference in Vienna \which ended on Friday eine Konferenz in Wien, die am Freitag geendet hat

3. rel (with non-defining clause) was

she says it's Anna's fault, \which is rubbish sie sagt, das ist Annas Schuld, was aber Blödsinn ist

he showed me round the town, \which was very kind of him er zeigte mir die Stadt, was sehr nett von ihm war

that building, the interior of \which is rather better than the outside,... das Gebäude, das innen besser ist als außen,...

it's the third in a sequence of three books, the first of \which I really enjoyed das ist das dritte aus einer Reihe von drei Büchern, von denen mir das erste wirklich gut gefallen hat

at/upon \which... woraufhin...

4. rel, after prep der/die/das

is that the film in \which he kills his mother? ist das der Film, in dem er seine Mutter umbringt?

the death of his son was an experience from \which he never fully recovered der Tod seines Sohnes war eine Erfahrung, von der er sich nie ganz erholte

it isn't a subject to \which I devote a great deal of thought über dieses Thema mache ich mir nicht viele Gedanken

we are often afraid of that \which we cannot understand wir fürchten uns oft vor dem, was wir nicht verstehen

II. adj inv

1. interrog (what one) welche(r, s)

\which doctor did you see? bei welchem Arzt warst du?

\which button do I press next? auf welchen Knopf muss ich als Nächstes drücken?

I didn't know \which brother I was speaking to ich wusste nicht, mit welchem Bruder ich sprach

\which way is the wind blowing? woher kommt der Wind?

Jacinta came last night with her boyfriend — \which one? she's got several Jacinta kam letzten Abend mit ihrem Freund — mit welchem? sie hat mehrere

see if you can guess \which one is me in my old school photo mal schauen, ob du errätst, wer auf dem alten Schulfoto ich bin

2. rel (used to introduce more info) der/die/das

the picking of the fruit, for \which work they receive no money, takes about a week das Ernten des Obstes, wofür sie kein Geld bekommen, dauert etwa eine Woche

the talk lasted two hours, during all of \which time the child was well behaved das Gespräch hat zwei Stunden gedauert, während denen sich das Kind gut benahm

it might be made of plastic, in \which case you could probably carry it es könnte aus Plastik sein — dann könntest du es wahrscheinlich tragen

* * *
[wɪtʃ]
1. adj

1) (interrog) welche(r, s)

which one? — welche(r, s)?; (of people also) wer?

I can't tell which key is which — ich kann die Schlüssel nicht auseinanderhalten

2) (rel) welche(r, s)

... by which time I was asleep —... und zu dieser Zeit schlief ich (bereits)

look at it which way you will... —

... he said, which remark made me very angry —... sagte er, was mich sehr ärgerte

2. pron

1) (interrog) welche(r, s)

which of the children/books — welches Kind/Buch

which is which? (of people) — wer ist wer?, welche(r) ist welche(r)?; (of things) welche(r, s) ist welche(r, s)?, welche(r, s) ist der/die/das eine und welche(r, s) der/die/das andere?

which is for which? — was ist wofür?

2) (rel) (with n antecedent) der/die/das, welche(r, s) (geh); (with clause antecedent) was

the bear which I saw — der Bär, den ich sah

at which he remarked... — woraufhin er bemerkte,...

it rained hard, which upset her plans — es regnete stark, was ihre Pläne durcheinanderbrachte

which reminds me... — dabei fällt mir ein,...

from which we deduce that... — woraus wir ableiten, dass...

after which we went to bed — worauf or wonach wir zu Bett gingen

the day before/after which he left her — an dem Tag, bevor er sie verließ/nachdem er sie verlassen hatte

the shelf on which I put it — das Brett, auf das or worauf ich es gelegt habe

* * *

which [wıtʃ; hwıtʃ]

A int pr (bezogen auf Sachen oder Personen) welch(er, e, es) (aus einer bestimmten Gruppe oder Anzahl):

which of these houses? welches dieser Häuser?;

which of you has done it? wer oder welcher von euch hat es getan?

B rel pr

1. welch(er, e, es), der (die, das)

2. (auf den vorhergehenden Satz bezüglich) was:

she laughed loudly, which irritated him

3. (in eingeschobenen Sätzen) (etwas,) was:

and which is still worse, all you did was wrong und was noch schlimmer ist, alles, was du machtest, war falsch

C adj

1. (fragend oder relativ) welch(er, e, es):

which place will you take? auf welchem Platz willst du sitzen?;

take which book you please nimm welches Buch du willst

2. (auf das Vorhergehende bezogen) und dies(er, e, es), welch(er, e, es):

during which time he had not eaten und während dieser Zeit hatte er nichts gegessen

* * *
1. adjective
1) interrog. welch...

which one — welcher/welche/welches

which ones — welche

which one of you did it? — wer von euch hat es getan?

which way — (how) wie; (in which direction) wohin

2) rel. welch... (geh.)

he usually comes at one o'clock, at which time I'm having lunch/by which time I've finished — er kommt immer um ein Uhr; dann esse ich gerade zu Mittag/bis dahin bin ich schon fertig
2. pronoun
1) interrog. welcher/welche/welches

which of you? — wer von euch?

which is which? — welcher/welche/welches ist welcher/welche/welches?

2) rel. der/die/das; welcher/welche/welches (veralt.); referring to a clause was

of which — dessen/deren

everything which I predicted — alles, was ich vorausgesagt habe

the crime of which you accuse him — das Verbrechen, dessen Sie ihn anklagen

I intervened, after which they calmed down — ich griff ein, worauf[hin] sie sich beruhigten

Our Father, which art in Heaven — (Rel.) Vater unser, der du bist im Himmel

* * *

adj.

welch adj.

welcher adj.

welches adj. pron.

das pron.

der pron.

die pron.

English-german dictionary > which
12 top

I
1. [tɒp] n

1. верхушка; вершина; макушка

the top of a mountain - вершина горы

the top of the head - макушка

the top of a tree - верхушка дерева

at the top of the stairs - наверху лестницы

top climbers - альпинисты, совершающие восхождение на вершину; штурмовая группа альпинистов

2. 1) верхняя часть, верхний конец

the top of the house - верх дома

the top of a page - верхняя часть /начало/ страницы

line 5 from the top - пятая строчка сверху

the top of a car - верх автомобиля ( особенно убирающийся)

a top for a kettle - крышка чайника

the top of the street - верхний конец улицы

the top of the atmosphere - верхние слои атмосферы

pyjamas top - верх пижамы; пижамная куртка

2) шпиль; купол; шатёр

the top of a church - церковный купол

3) верхняя поверхность

box top - крышка ящика

the top of a table - столешница, крышка стола

put the package on the top of the table - положите пакет на стол

on the top of the ground - на поверхности земли

she put the best apples on top - лучшие яблоки она положила наверх /сверху/

oil always comes to the top - нефть всегда всплывает на поверхность (воды)

3. 1) темя

2) голова

shaved top - бритая голова

3) диал. пучок ( волос)

4) диал. волосы

4. 1) высшая степень, высшая ступень

the top of fashion - последний крик моды

the top of the tide - высшая точка прилива, полная вода

at the top of one's voice - во весь голос; во всю силу лёгких

to shout [to sing] at the top of one's voice - кричать [петь] во весь голос

at the top of one's speed - во весь опор, во всю мочь

at the top of one's career - на вершине карьеры

to be on top of one's form - быть в своей лучшей форме, достичь пика формы

to bring smb. to the top of his form - подвести кого-л. к пику формы

2) высший ранг, высокое положение; первое место

at the top of the table - во главе стола

to take the top of the table - сидеть на самом почётном месте

to be at the top of one's profession - занимать ведущее положение в своей области

3) человек, занимающий высокое положение, первое место и т. п.

the top of the class - первый ученик в классе

a conference with the tops of government - конференция с участием членов правительства

he is the top of his profession - он ведущий специалист в своей области

4) лучшая, отборная часть

the top of the crop - лучшая часть урожая

the top of the milk - сливки

a hotel serving the top of society - отель, обслуживающий элиту /сливки общества/

5. начало, ранний этап

the top of the year - начало года

6. pl

1) отвороты ( сапог)

2) высокие сапоги с отворотами

7. обыкн. pl бот.

1) ботва

beet [carrot] tops - свекольная [морковная] ботва

2) перо ( лука)

8. карт.

1) старшая карта какой-л. масти ( в руке одного игрока)

2) туз или король

3) pl две старшие карты какой-л. масти ( в бридже)

9. горн. кровля ( выработки)

10. метал. колошник

11. мор. марс; топ

12. pl хим. лёгкие фракции, дистилляты

13. pl физ. звуки верхних частот

14. удар по мячу выше центра ( гольф)

♢ on top - а) сверх, вдобавок; б) победивший, выигравший

I'm glad you came on top - я очень рад, что вы пришли первым

to come out on top - а) победить в состязании /в соревновании/; б) занимать видное положение, преуспевать

on top of that - а) вдобавок ко всему; сверх всего, и без того; to get another 10 per cent on top of that - получать сверх этого ещё десять процентов; б) непосредственно за чем-л.

on top of everything else = on top of that а)

on top of smth. - а) сверх чего-л., вдобавок к чему-л.; it's one thing on top of another - всё время то одно, то другое; on top of it all he wanted to leave her - вдобавок ко всему он хотел оставить её; мало этого, он хотел ещё оставить её; б) держа в своих руках, имея под своим контролем; the conductor was always on top of the music - дирижёр ни на секунду не терял контроля над оркестром; в) = on top of that б)

on top of the world - а) в первых рядах; в исключительном /главенствующем/ положении; б) на верху блаженства

to be /to sit, to feel/ on top of the world - быть на седьмом небе /на верху блаженства/

top of the heap - самое выгодное положение

(a little bit) off the top - не в своём уме

off /out of/ the top of one's head - а) не подумав; экспромтом; he just said it off the top of his head - он сказал это, не подумав; ≅ это была его первая /непосредственная/ реакция, не надо придавать значения этим его словам; б) необдуманный, импровизированный

to the top of smb.'s bent - совсем, полностью, совершенно; вволю, сколько душе угодно

from top downward - сверху вниз; с головы до пят

from top to toe - а) с головы до пят; с головы до ног; б) до кончиков ногтей, с головы до ног

they were English from top to toe - это были англичане до кончиков ногтей

from top to bottom - сверху донизу

(the) top of the morning to you! - доброе утро!

to be at the top of the tree /of the ladder/ - быть во главе (чего-л.); занимать видное /ведущее/ положение (особ. в какой-л. профессии)

to be at the top of the bill - быть гвоздём программы (об актёре и т. п.)

to hit the top - добраться до самого верха

to come to the top - отличиться, добиться успеха /славы/

to go over the top - а) воен. идти в атаку ( из траншей); б) ринуться в атаку; сделать решительный шаг, начать действовать

to be (the) tops - быть верхом совершенства

you're tops with me - вы для меня верх совершенства

to blow one's top - а) злиться, выходить из себя; б) становиться невменяемым

to veer /to go/ over the top - перебарщивать, перебирать

2. [tɒp] a

1. верхний

the top shelf [layer] - верхняя полка [-ий слой]

the top right hand corner - верхний правый угол

top drawer - верхний ящик

top storey - верхний этаж

top stair /step/ (of the staircase) - последняя /верхняя/ ступенька (лестницы)

top garment - верхняя одежда

top copy - первый экземпляр ( машинописного текста)

top milk - молоко со сливками; сливки

top man - верхний борец ( борьба)

top dead centre - авт. верхняя мёртвая точка

top water - гидр. вода выше продуктивного пласта, верховодка

2. высший, максимальный; предельный; последний

top speed - наибольшая /предельная/ скорость

at top speed - на предельной скорости

top mark - высший балл

to get the top mark - получить высший балл

top grade - высший сорт /класс/

top level - высший уровень

negotiations on the top level - переговоры на высшем уровне

top prices - самые высокие цены

top note - самая высокая нота ( у певца)

to be in /on/ top form - спорт. быть в прекрасной форме, достичь пика формы

top places - высшие /призовые/ места

the top place in a class - первое место в классе

3. самый главный, самый важный; высший; высокопоставленный

top advisers - высшие советники

top command - верховное командование

top executives - высший административно-управленческий персонал

top management - высшее руководство, верхушка управляющих

a journal for those in the top bracket of management - журнал для высшего эшелона управления

top men - люди, занимающие самое высокое /руководящее/ положение (в обществе и т. п.); важные персоны, большие шишки, заправилы

top positions - главные /ключевые/ позиции

4. 1) лучший, первый, ведущий

top pupil - первый /лучший/ ученик

top specialist [institute] - ведущий специалист [институт]

the top brains of the industry - лучшие умы /≅ мозговой трест/ (этой) отрасли промышленности

to come top (in history) - разг. оказаться лучшим (по истории); ≅ отхватить высший балл (по истории)

2) престижный, привилегированный

top firm - фешенебельная фирма

♢ top secret - «совершенно секретно» ( гриф)

top dog - сл. победитель

to be the top dog - держать всё в своих руках

top kick - амер. а) воен. проф. старшина (роты и т. п.); б) сл. большая шишка; заправила, босс

the top brass - амер. сл. а) высшие офицеры; б) заправилы, высокое начальство; тузы

the top brass of the government - самые влиятельные члены правительства

to be the top dog - держать всё в своих руках

to come out of the top drawer - быть хорошо воспитанным; принадлежать к высшему обществу

3. [tɒp] v

1. снабжать верхушкой; покрывать ( сверху)

to top a box - накрыть ящик крышкой

a mountain topped with snow - гора со снежной вершиной

2. срезать верхушку

to top a tree [a plant] - обрезать верхушку дерева [растения]

to top and tail - срезать оба конца, срезать черенок и хвостик (у крыжовника и т. п.)

3. 1) достигать какого-л. уровня, достигать вершины

to top a hill - подняться на холм

the sun topped the horizon - солнце поднялось над горизонтом

2) перевалить ( через гору); перепрыгнуть (через что-л.)

to top the ridge - перевалить (через) хребет

the horse topped the fence - лошадь перепрыгнула через изгородь

4. быть завершением; увенчивать, возвышаться

a church tops the hill - церковь возвышается на холме

topped with a steeple - увенчанный шпилем

a statue tops the column - колонна увенчана статуей

5. быть во главе; стоять на первом месте

to top the list - быть первым в списке, открывать список

she has never topped the fifth place - она никогда не поднималась выше пятого места

6. 1) быть больше (какой-л. величины)

to top smth. in height - быть выше чего-л.

he tops his father by half a head - он выше отца на полголовы

the fish topped 75 pounds - рыба весила больше 75 фунтов

he topped my score by at least ten points - он опередил меня по крайней мере на десять очков

2) превосходить, быть первым

to top everyone in tennis - лучше всех играть в теннис

to top the class - быть лучшим в классе

it tops all I ever saw - это превосходит всё, что я когда-либо видел, ничего подобного /похожего/ я ещё не видел

7. покрывать ( новой краской), подкрашивать

8. с.-х. производить подкормку ( посевов)

9. спорт. ударять (по мячу) сверху

10. с.-х. вывершивать (стог, скирду)

11. с.-х. покрывать

♢ to top one's fruit - показывать товар лицом

to top one's part - театр. а) прекрасно сыграть свою роль; б) выходить за рамки образа; в) выдержать роль

and to top it all - и в довершение всего; вдобавок ко всем несчастьям
II [tɒp] n
волчок

the top sleeps /is asleep/ - волчок вертится так, что вращение незаметно

♢ old top - старина, дружище

to sleep like /as sound as, as fast as/ a top - крепко спать, спать мёртвым сном

НБАРС > top
13 top

I
1. [tɒp] n

1. верхушка; вершина; макушка

the top of a mountain - вершина горы

the top of the head - макушка

the top of a tree - верхушка дерева

at the top of the stairs - наверху лестницы

top climbers - альпинисты, совершающие восхождение на вершину; штурмовая группа альпинистов

2. 1) верхняя часть, верхний конец

the top of the house - верх дома

the top of a page - верхняя часть /начало/ страницы

line 5 from the top - пятая строчка сверху

the top of a car - верх автомобиля ( особенно убирающийся)

a top for a kettle - крышка чайника

the top of the street - верхний конец улицы

the top of the atmosphere - верхние слои атмосферы

pyjamas top - верх пижамы; пижамная куртка

2) шпиль; купол; шатёр

the top of a church - церковный купол

3) верхняя поверхность

box top - крышка ящика

the top of a table - столешница, крышка стола

put the package on the top of the table - положите пакет на стол

on the top of the ground - на поверхности земли

she put the best apples on top - лучшие яблоки она положила наверх /сверху/

oil always comes to the top - нефть всегда всплывает на поверхность (воды)

3. 1) темя

2) голова

shaved top - бритая голова

3) диал. пучок ( волос)

4) диал. волосы

4. 1) высшая степень, высшая ступень

the top of fashion - последний крик моды

the top of the tide - высшая точка прилива, полная вода

at the top of one's voice - во весь голос; во всю силу лёгких

to shout [to sing] at the top of one's voice - кричать [петь] во весь голос

at the top of one's speed - во весь опор, во всю мочь

at the top of one's career - на вершине карьеры

to be on top of one's form - быть в своей лучшей форме, достичь пика формы

to bring smb. to the top of his form - подвести кого-л. к пику формы

2) высший ранг, высокое положение; первое место

at the top of the table - во главе стола

to take the top of the table - сидеть на самом почётном месте

to be at the top of one's profession - занимать ведущее положение в своей области

3) человек, занимающий высокое положение, первое место и т. п.

the top of the class - первый ученик в классе

a conference with the tops of government - конференция с участием членов правительства

he is the top of his profession - он ведущий специалист в своей области

4) лучшая, отборная часть

the top of the crop - лучшая часть урожая

the top of the milk - сливки

a hotel serving the top of society - отель, обслуживающий элиту /сливки общества/

5. начало, ранний этап

the top of the year - начало года

6. pl

1) отвороты ( сапог)

2) высокие сапоги с отворотами

7. обыкн. pl бот.

1) ботва

beet [carrot] tops - свекольная [морковная] ботва

2) перо ( лука)

8. карт.

1) старшая карта какой-л. масти ( в руке одного игрока)

2) туз или король

3) pl две старшие карты какой-л. масти ( в бридже)

9. горн. кровля ( выработки)

10. метал. колошник

11. мор. марс; топ

12. pl хим. лёгкие фракции, дистилляты

13. pl физ. звуки верхних частот

14. удар по мячу выше центра ( гольф)

♢ on top - а) сверх, вдобавок; б) победивший, выигравший

I'm glad you came on top - я очень рад, что вы пришли первым

to come out on top - а) победить в состязании /в соревновании/; б) занимать видное положение, преуспевать

on top of that - а) вдобавок ко всему; сверх всего, и без того; to get another 10 per cent on top of that - получать сверх этого ещё десять процентов; б) непосредственно за чем-л.

on top of everything else = on top of that а)

on top of smth. - а) сверх чего-л., вдобавок к чему-л.; it's one thing on top of another - всё время то одно, то другое; on top of it all he wanted to leave her - вдобавок ко всему он хотел оставить её; мало этого, он хотел ещё оставить её; б) держа в своих руках, имея под своим контролем; the conductor was always on top of the music - дирижёр ни на секунду не терял контроля над оркестром; в) = on top of that б)

on top of the world - а) в первых рядах; в исключительном /главенствующем/ положении; б) на верху блаженства

to be /to sit, to feel/ on top of the world - быть на седьмом небе /на верху блаженства/

top of the heap - самое выгодное положение

(a little bit) off the top - не в своём уме

off /out of/ the top of one's head - а) не подумав; экспромтом; he just said it off the top of his head - он сказал это, не подумав; ≅ это была его первая /непосредственная/ реакция, не надо придавать значения этим его словам; б) необдуманный, импровизированный

to the top of smb.'s bent - совсем, полностью, совершенно; вволю, сколько душе угодно

from top downward - сверху вниз; с головы до пят

from top to toe - а) с головы до пят; с головы до ног; б) до кончиков ногтей, с головы до ног

they were English from top to toe - это были англичане до кончиков ногтей

from top to bottom - сверху донизу

(the) top of the morning to you! - доброе утро!

to be at the top of the tree /of the ladder/ - быть во главе (чего-л.); занимать видное /ведущее/ положение (особ. в какой-л. профессии)

to be at the top of the bill - быть гвоздём программы (об актёре и т. п.)

to hit the top - добраться до самого верха

to come to the top - отличиться, добиться успеха /славы/

to go over the top - а) воен. идти в атаку ( из траншей); б) ринуться в атаку; сделать решительный шаг, начать действовать

to be (the) tops - быть верхом совершенства

you're tops with me - вы для меня верх совершенства

to blow one's top - а) злиться, выходить из себя; б) становиться невменяемым

to veer /to go/ over the top - перебарщивать, перебирать

2. [tɒp] a

1. верхний

the top shelf [layer] - верхняя полка [-ий слой]

the top right hand corner - верхний правый угол

top drawer - верхний ящик

top storey - верхний этаж

top stair /step/ (of the staircase) - последняя /верхняя/ ступенька (лестницы)

top garment - верхняя одежда

top copy - первый экземпляр ( машинописного текста)

top milk - молоко со сливками; сливки

top man - верхний борец ( борьба)

top dead centre - авт. верхняя мёртвая точка

top water - гидр. вода выше продуктивного пласта, верховодка

2. высший, максимальный; предельный; последний

top speed - наибольшая /предельная/ скорость

at top speed - на предельной скорости

top mark - высший балл

to get the top mark - получить высший балл

top grade - высший сорт /класс/

top level - высший уровень

negotiations on the top level - переговоры на высшем уровне

top prices - самые высокие цены

top note - самая высокая нота ( у певца)

to be in /on/ top form - спорт. быть в прекрасной форме, достичь пика формы

top places - высшие /призовые/ места

the top place in a class - первое место в классе

3. самый главный, самый важный; высший; высокопоставленный

top advisers - высшие советники

top command - верховное командование

top executives - высший административно-управленческий персонал

top management - высшее руководство, верхушка управляющих

a journal for those in the top bracket of management - журнал для высшего эшелона управления

top men - люди, занимающие самое высокое /руководящее/ положение (в обществе и т. п.); важные персоны, большие шишки, заправилы

top positions - главные /ключевые/ позиции

4. 1) лучший, первый, ведущий

top pupil - первый /лучший/ ученик

top specialist [institute] - ведущий специалист [институт]

the top brains of the industry - лучшие умы /≅ мозговой трест/ (этой) отрасли промышленности

to come top (in history) - разг. оказаться лучшим (по истории); ≅ отхватить высший балл (по истории)

2) престижный, привилегированный

top firm - фешенебельная фирма

♢ top secret - «совершенно секретно» ( гриф)

top dog - сл. победитель

to be the top dog - держать всё в своих руках

top kick - амер. а) воен. проф. старшина (роты и т. п.); б) сл. большая шишка; заправила, босс

the top brass - амер. сл. а) высшие офицеры; б) заправилы, высокое начальство; тузы

the top brass of the government - самые влиятельные члены правительства

to be the top dog - держать всё в своих руках

to come out of the top drawer - быть хорошо воспитанным; принадлежать к высшему обществу

3. [tɒp] v

1. снабжать верхушкой; покрывать ( сверху)

to top a box - накрыть ящик крышкой

a mountain topped with snow - гора со снежной вершиной

2. срезать верхушку

to top a tree [a plant] - обрезать верхушку дерева [растения]

to top and tail - срезать оба конца, срезать черенок и хвостик (у крыжовника и т. п.)

3. 1) достигать какого-л. уровня, достигать вершины

to top a hill - подняться на холм

the sun topped the horizon - солнце поднялось над горизонтом

2) перевалить ( через гору); перепрыгнуть (через что-л.)

to top the ridge - перевалить (через) хребет

the horse topped the fence - лошадь перепрыгнула через изгородь

4. быть завершением; увенчивать, возвышаться

a church tops the hill - церковь возвышается на холме

topped with a steeple - увенчанный шпилем

a statue tops the column - колонна увенчана статуей

5. быть во главе; стоять на первом месте

to top the list - быть первым в списке, открывать список

she has never topped the fifth place - она никогда не поднималась выше пятого места

6. 1) быть больше (какой-л. величины)

to top smth. in height - быть выше чего-л.

he tops his father by half a head - он выше отца на полголовы

the fish topped 75 pounds - рыба весила больше 75 фунтов

he topped my score by at least ten points - он опередил меня по крайней мере на десять очков

2) превосходить, быть первым

to top everyone in tennis - лучше всех играть в теннис

to top the class - быть лучшим в классе

it tops all I ever saw - это превосходит всё, что я когда-либо видел, ничего подобного /похожего/ я ещё не видел

7. покрывать ( новой краской), подкрашивать

8. с.-х. производить подкормку ( посевов)

9. спорт. ударять (по мячу) сверху

10. с.-х. вывершивать (стог, скирду)

11. с.-х. покрывать

♢ to top one's fruit - показывать товар лицом

to top one's part - театр. а) прекрасно сыграть свою роль; б) выходить за рамки образа; в) выдержать роль

and to top it all - и в довершение всего; вдобавок ко всем несчастьям
II [tɒp] n
волчок

the top sleeps /is asleep/ - волчок вертится так, что вращение незаметно

♢ old top - старина, дружище

to sleep like /as sound as, as fast as/ a top - крепко спать, спать мёртвым сном

НБАРС > top
14 que

que [kə]

━━━━━━━━━

1. conjunction

2. adverb

3. relative pronoun

4. interrogative pronoun

━━━━━━━━━

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► que becomes qu' before a vowel or silent h.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. <

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque que fait partie d'un locution comme afin que, dès que, reportez-vous à l'autre mot.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   a. (complétive) that

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► that introduisant une subordonnée complétive est souvent sous-entendu en anglais.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• elle sait que tu es prêt she knows (that) you're ready

• tu crois qu'il réussira ? do you think he'll succeed?

• je pense que oui I think so

• je pense que non I don't think so

• mais il n'a pas de voiture ! -- il dit que si but he has no car! -- he says he has

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Avec un verbe de volonté, l'anglais emploie une proposition infinitive. Si le sujet de cette infinitive est un pronom, l'anglais utilise la forme objet du pronom.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• je veux que Raoul vienne I want Raoul to come

• j'aimerais qu'il vienne I would like him to come

• je ne veux pas qu'il vienne I don't want him to come

   b. (remplaçant une autre conjonction)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque que remplace une conjonction comme si, quand, comme, que, la conjonction est soit répétée soit omise en anglais.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• si vous êtes sages et qu'il fait beau, nous sortirons if you are good and (if) the weather is fine, we'll go out

• comme la maison est petite et qu'il n'y a pas de jardin... as the house is small and there's no garden...

   c. (hypothèse) whether

• il ira, qu'il le veuille ou non he'll go whether he wants to or not

• qu'il parte ou qu'il reste, ça m'est égal whether he leaves or stays, it's all the same to me

   d. (but) tenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas hold him so he doesn't fall

   e. (temps) elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir she had no sooner gone out than it started raining

• ils ne se connaissaient pas depuis 10 minutes qu'ils étaient déjà amis they had only known each other for 10 minutes and already they were friends

   f. (souhait) qu'il se taise ! I wish he would be quiet!

• eh bien, qu'il vienne ! all right, he can come!

• qu'il essaie seulement ! just let him try!

   g. (reprenant ce qui vient d'être dit) que tu crois ! (inf) that's what you think!

• que je l'aide ? tu plaisantes ! me, help him? you must be joking!

• « viens ici ! » qu'il me crie (inf) "come here!" he shouted

• « et pourquoi ? » que je lui fais (inf) "why's that?" I go to him (inf)

   h. (locutions)

► que... ne

• ils pourraient me supplier que je n'accepterais pas even if they begged me I wouldn't accept

• j'avais déjà fini de déjeuner qu'elle n'avait pas commencé I'd already finished my lunch and she hadn't even started► que oui ! yes indeed!

• il était fâché ? -- que oui ! was he angry? -- he certainly was!► que non ! certainly not!

• tu viens ? -- que non ! are you coming? -- no I am not!

2. <

• que tu es lent ! you're so slow!

• que de voitures ! there's so much traffic!

• que d'erreurs ! there are so many mistakes!

► qu'est-ce que (exclamatif)

qu'est-ce qu'il est bête ! he's such an idiot!

• qu'est-ce qu'il joue bien ! doesn't he play well!

3. <

   a. (antécédent personne)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• la fille qu'il a rencontrée là-bas the girl he met there

• les enfants que tu vois là-bas the children you see there

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner une personne en anglais, il y a trois possibilités: whom, qui est d'un registre soutenu, who qui n'est pas correct, mais très fréquemment utilisé, et that.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• le philosophe qu'il admirait the philosopher whom he admired

• les ouvriers qu'ils vont licencier the workers that or who (inf) they're going to sack

   b. (antécédent animal ou chose)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Le pronom relatif que n'est souvent pas traduit.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• j'ai déjà les livres qu'il m'a offerts I've already got the books he gave me

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque l'on utilise un pronom relatif pour désigner un animal ou une chose en anglais, il y a deux possibilités: that et which, qui s'utilise surtout pour des choses.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• le chaton qu'il a trouvé the kitten (that) he found

• la raison qu'il a donnée the reason (that or which) he gave

   c. (en incise)

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Lorsque la relative est en incise, on n'emploie jamais that, mais which pour une chose et who(m) pour une personne.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• un certain M. Leduc, que je ne connais pas, m'a appelé a certain Mr Leduc, who (inf) or whom I don't know, called me

• la lettre, que j'ai postée lundi, est arrivée vendredi the letter, which I posted on Monday, arrived on Friday

   d. (temps) when

• un jour que le soleil brillait one day when the sun was shining

   e. (autres) quel homme charmant que votre voisin ! what a charming man your neighbour is!

• tout distrait qu'il est, il s'en est aperçu absent-minded though he is, he still noticed it

• c'est un inconvénient que de ne pas avoir de voiture it's a disadvantage not to have a car

4. <

what

• que fais-tu ? what are you doing?

• qu'en sais-tu ? what do you know about it?

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► Dans les cas où il y a un choix, on emploie which.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

• que préfères-tu, de la compote ou un crème caramel ? which would you prefer, stewed fruit or crème caramel?

► qu'est-ce que (interrogatif) what

• qu'est-ce que tu fais ? what are you doing?

• qu'est-ce que tu préfères, le rouge ou le noir ? which do you prefer, the red one or the black one?► qu'est-ce qui what

• qu'est-ce qui l'a mis en colère ? what made him so angry?

* * *

1.

( qu' before vowel or mute h) kə conjonction

1) ( reprenant une autre conjonction)

comme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi — since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why

si vous venez et que vous ayez le temps — if you come and (if you) have the time

2)

je crains que tu (ne) fasses une bêtise — I'm worried (that) you might do something silly

qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte — we were already well aware that he's the best

approche, que je te regarde — come closer so I can look at you

que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non — whether you like it or not

il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police — no sooner had he left than she called the police

j'avais déjà lu dix pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé — I had already read ten pages while he hadn't even started

que tout le monde sorte! — everyone must leave!

qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais... — you must excuse me but...

que ceux qui n'ont pas compris le disent — let anyone who hasn't understood say so

qu'on le pende! — hang him!

qu'il crève! — (sl) let him rot! (colloq)

que je leur prête ma voiture! — you expect me to lend them my car!

que je sache — as far as I know

2.

pronom interrogatif what

que dire? — what can you ou one say?

que faire? — ( maintenant) what shall I/we do?; ( au passé) what could I/we do?

je ne sais pas ce qu'il a dit — I don't know what he said

qu'est-ce que c'est que ça? — what's that?

3.

pronom relatif

1) ( ayant un nom de personne pour antécédent)

Pierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier — Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday

c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue — she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen

2) ( ayant un nom de chose ou d'animal pour antécédent)

je n'aime pas la voiture que tu as achetée — I don't like the car (that) you've bought

3) ( employé comme attribut) that

la vieille dame qu'elle est devenue — the old lady she is today

4.

adverbe

que vous êtes jolie! — how pretty you are!

que c'est difficile! — how difficult it is!

que c'est joli! — it's so pretty!

ce que vous êtes jolie! — you're so pretty!

que de monde! — what a lot of people!

‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’ - ‘oh que si!’ — ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’ - ‘yes I have!’

‘tu en as besoin?’ - ‘que oui!’ — ‘do you need it’ - ‘I certainly do!’

••

que conjonction de subordination se traduit généralement par that: elle a dit qu'elle le ferait = she said that she would do it; il est important qu'ils se rendent compte que ce n'est pas simple it's important that they should realize that it's not simple

On notera que that est souvent omis: je pense qu'il devrait changer de métier = I think he should change jobs

Quand que suit un verbe exprimant un souhait, une volonté, l'anglais utilise un infinitif: je voudrais que tu ranges ta chambre = I'd like you to tidy your room; elle veut qu'il fasse un stage de formation = she wants him to do a training course

On trouvera ci-dessous quelques exemples supplémentaires mais on pourra toujours se reporter aux verbes, adjectifs et substantifs qui peuvent être suivis de que, comme montrer, comprendre, apparaître, certain, évident, idée etc. De même les locutions ainsi que, alors que, bien que sont traitées respectivement sous ainsi, alors, bien. Pour les emplois de que avec ne, plus, moins etc on se reportera à ne, plus, moins etc

que pronom relatif se traduit différemment selon qu'il a pour antécédent un nom de personne: l'homme que je vois = the man that I can see; = the man I can see; = the man who I can see; = the man whom I can see; les amis que j'ai invités = the friends that I've invited; = the friends I've invited; = the friends who I have invited; = the friends whom I have invited (dans les deux cas ci-dessus la traduction avec whom appartient au registre de la langue écrite); ou un nom de chose, concept, animal: le chien que je vois = the dog that I can see; = the dog I can see; = the dog which I can see; l'invitation que j'ai reçue = the invitation that I received; = the invitation I received; = the invitation which I received. Voir III ci-dessous

* * *
kə
1. conj

1) (introduisant complétive) that

Il sait que tu es là. — He knows you're here., He knows that you're here.

vouloir que — to want

Je veux que tu acceptes. — I want you to agree.

Je veux que tu viennes. — I want you to come.

Il a dit que oui. — He said he would.

2) (reprise d'autres conjonctions)

Quand il rentrera et qu'il aura mangé... — When he gets back and has eaten...

Si vous y allez ou que vous... — If you go there or if you...

3) (en tête de phrase) (hypothèse)

qu'il le veuille ou non — whether he likes it or not, (souhait)

qu'il fasse ce qu'il voudra! — let him do what he wants!

4) (but) (= de sorte que) so, so that

Tenez-le, qu'il ne tombe pas. — Hold it so it doesn't fall., Hold it so that it doesn't fall.

5) (après comparatif) than

plus... que — more... than

C'est plus difficile que je ne le pensais. — It's more difficult than I thought.

Il est plus grand que moi. — He's bigger than me.

6) (équivalence) as

aussi... que — as... as

Elle est aussi jolie que sa sœur. — She's as pretty as her sister.

Le train est aussi cher que l'avion. — The train is as expensive as the plane.

See:

plus; aussi; autant

7) (restriction)

ne... que (= seulement) — only

Il ne boit que de l'eau. — He only drinks water.

Je ne l'ai vu qu'une fois. — I've only seen him once.

8) (avec locution adverbiale de temps)

à peine... que; Elle venait à peine de sortir qu'il se mit à pleuvoir. — She had just gone out when it started to rain., No sooner had she gone out than it started to rain.

il y a... que; ça fait... que; Il y a 4 ans qu'il est parti.; Ça fait 4 ans qu'il est parti. — It is 4 years since he left.

See:

fois

2. adv

(exclamation)

qu'il est...; Qu'il est bête!; Qu'est-ce qu'il est bête! — He's so silly!

Qu'il court vite!; Qu'est-ce qu'il court vite! — He runs so fast!

que de... — such a lot of..., so many...

Que de livres! — What a lot of books!

Quel bonheur et que de bons souvenirs! — Such happiness and so many wonderful memories!

3. pron

1) (relatif) (personne) that, whom

la dame que j'ai rencontrée hier — the lady I met yesterday, the lady that I met yesterday

l'homme que je vois — the man I can see, the man that I can see

2) (chose) that, which

Le gâteau qu'elle a fait est délicieux. — The cake she made is delicious., The cake that she made is delicious., The cake which she made is delicious.

le livre que tu vois — the book you see, the book that you see, the book which you see

3) (temps) (= où)

un jour que j'étais... — a day when I was...

4) (interrogatif) what

Que vas-tu lui dire? — What are you going to tell him?

Que fais-tu? — What are you doing?

Que préfères-tu? — What do you prefer?

Qu'est-ce que...? — What...?

Qu'est-ce que tu fais? — What are you doing?

Qu'est-ce que c'est? (en désignant qch) — What is it?, What's that?, (en entendant qch) What's that?

Que faire? — What can you do?

* * *

que ⇒ Note d'usage (qu' before vowel or mute h)

A conj

1 ( reprenant une autre conjonction) comme tu ne veux pas venir et que tu ne veux pas dire pourquoi since you refuse to come and (since you) refuse to say why; si vous venez et que vous avez le temps if you come and (if you) have the time;

2 je crains que tu (ne) fasses une bêtise I'm worried (that) you might do something silly; le fait qu'il se soit enfui prouve sa culpabilité the fact that he has run away is proof of his guilt; qu'il soit le meilleur, nous nous en sommes déjà rendu compte we were already well aware that he's the best; taisez- vous que j'entende ce qu'il dit stop talking so (that) I can hear what he's saying; approche, que je te regarde come closer so I can look at you; qu'il pleuve et toute la récolte est détruite if it rains the harvest will be ruined; que vous le vouliez ou non, que cela vous plaise ou non whether you like it or not; il voudrait faire échouer le projet qu'il ne s'y prendrait pas autrement if he wanted to ruin the project he couldn't have chosen a better way to do it; il l'aurait fait qu'il ne voudrait pas l'admettre even if he did do it he wouldn't admit it; il n'était pas sitôt parti qu'elle appela la police no sooner had he left than she called the police; vous dormiez encore que j'avais déjà fait une longue promenade you were still asleep, while I had already been for a long walk; j'avais déjà lu 10 pages qu'il n'avait toujours pas commencé I had already read 10 pages while he hadn't even started; il ne se passe pas de jour qu'il ne pleuve not a day goes by without rain ou when it doesn't rain; que tout le monde sorte! everyone must leave!; qu'on veuille bien m'excuser mais… you must excuse me but…; qu'il se taise! I wish he would be quiet!; que n'êtes vous-arrivés hier soir! fml if only you'd arrived last night!; que ceux qui n'ont pas compris le disent let anyone who hasn't understood say so; qu'on le pende! hang him!; qu'il crève◑! let him rot○!, he can rot○!; que j'aille le voir! you expect me to go and see him!; que je leur prête ma voiture! you expect me to lend them my car!; que je sache as far as I know;

3 ◑( à la place de l'inversion du sujet) et alors? que je lui ai dit so? I said to him; approche! qu'il m'a dit come closer! he says to me○.

B pron inter what; que fais-tu ? what are you doing?; que dire? what can you ou one say?; que faire? ( maintenant) what shall I do?, what am I to do?; ( au passé) what could I do?, what was I to do?; que veux-tu pour ton anniversaire? what do you want for your birthday?; qu'est-ce que tu en penses? what do you think?; je ne sais que dire I don't know what to say; je ne sais pas ce qu'il a dit I don't know what he said; que sont ces traces? what are those tracks?; qu'est-ce que c'est que ça? what's that?; qu'importe? what does it matter?

C pron rel

1 ( ayant un nom de personne pour antécédent) Pierre, que je n'avais pas vu depuis 20 ans, est venu me voir hier Pierre, whom I had not seen for 20 years, came to see me yesterday; c'est la plus belle femme que j'aie jamais vue she's the most beautiful woman (that) I've ever seen;

2 ( ayant un nom de chose ou d'animal pour antécédent) je n'aime pas la voiture que tu as achetée I don't like the car (that) you've bought; le livre qu'il a écrit juste après la guerre the book that he wrote just after the war; les photos que vous regardez ont été prises à Rome the photographs that ou which you are looking at were taken in Rome; c'est la plus belle fleur que j'aie jamais vue it's the most beautiful flower (that) I've ever seen;

3 ( employé comme attribut) that; la vieille dame qu'elle est devenue the old lady that she has become; énervé qu'il était il n'a pu terminer son discours he was so worked up that he couldn't finish his speech; de petite fille sage qu'elle était elle est devenue une petite peste she's changed from the good little girl that she was into a real pest; bête que je suis fool that I am; stupide que tu es! you silly thing!

D adv que vous êtes jolie! how pretty you are!; que c'est difficile/ennuyeux how difficult/boring it is; que c'est joli it's so pretty; ce que vous êtes jolie! you're so pretty!; que de monde/d'eau what a lot of people/water; qu'avait-il besoin de faire? why did he have to do?; que ne le disais-tu plus tôt? fml why didn't you say so earlier?; ‘vous ne leur en avez pas parlé?’-‘oh que si!’ ‘haven't you spoken to them about it?’-‘oh yes I have!’; que non! definitely not!; ‘tu en as besoin?’-‘que oui!’ ‘do you need it’-‘indeed I do!’; c'était une époque turbulente que le XVI^e siècle what a turbulent period the 16th century was.

[kə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet qu' [k]) adverbe

1. [combien]

que tu es naïf! you're so naive!, aren't you naive!

que de bruit ici! it's so noisy here!, what a lot of noise there is in here!

que de choses à faire dans une maison! there are so many things to do in a house!

qu'il a un grand nez! he's got such a big nose!

qu'est-ce que tu es bête! (familier) you're (ever) so stupid!

qu'est-ce qu'il m'a déçu! (familier) he really disappointed me!

2. [exprimant l'indignation]

que m'importent ses états d'âme! what do I care about what he feels!

(soutenu) [pourquoi] why

que ne l'as-tu (pas) dit plus tôt! why didn't you say so earlier?, I wish you had said so ou that earlier!

————————

[kə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet qu' [k]) pronom relatif

1. [représente une personne] whom (soutenu), who, that

la fille qu'il a épousée the girl (whom) he married

sa sœur, que je n'avais pas vue depuis 10 ans, était là aussi her sister, whom ou who I hadn't seen for 10 years, was there too

la femme qu'elle était devenue the woman (that) she'd become

2. [représente un animal] which, that

3. [représente une chose, une idée] which, that

le contrat que j'ai signé the contract (which) ou that I signed

je ne suis pas la seule, que je sache I'm not the only one as far as I know

4. [pour souligner une caractéristique]

malheureux que vous êtes! you unfortunate man!

fatiguée qu'elle était, elle continuait à l'aider tired though ou as she was, she carried on helping him

de timide qu'il était, il est devenu expansif once a shy man, he's now an extrovert

toute jaune qu'elle était, l'eau! (familier) the water was all yellow, really it was!

en bon père/électricien qu'il était being the good father/electrician he was

bel exploit que le sien! what he's done is quite a feat!

une chance, que cette panne! very lucky, this breakdown!

5. [dans des expressions de temps, de durée]

ça fait deux heures que j'attends I've been waiting for two hours

un soir qu'il faisait très chaud one very hot evening, one evening when the weather was very hot

le temps que tu te prépares, il sera trop tard by the time you're ready it'll be too late

il n'y a pas longtemps qu'elle l'a vendu it wasn't long ago that she sold it

il y a bien longtemps que je le sais I've known for a long time

chaque fois que je m'absente, il téléphone every time I'm out he phones

————————

[kə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet qu' [k]) pronom interrogatif

1. [dans le discours direct] what

qu'y a-t-il? what's the matter?

que devient-elle? what's become of her?

qu'est-ce que je vois/j'entends? [ton menaçant ou hum] what is this I see/hear?

qu'est-ce qui t'arrive? what's the matter with you?

qu'est-ce que la liberté? what is freedom?

2. [dans le discours indirect] what

————————

[kə] (devant voyelle ou 'h' muet qu' [k]) conjonction

1. [après des verbes déclaratifs ou des verbes d'évaluation] that

je sais que je peux le faire I know (that) I can do it

il est possible que je revienne I may come back

exigez qu'on vous indemnise demand compensation ou to be compensated

elle murmura qu'elle devait s'en aller she whispered that she had to go

[en début de proposition]

que leur fils ait fugué, cela ne devrait pas nous surprendre the fact that their son ran away shouldn't come as a surprise to us

que tu pleures ne changera rien your ou you crying won't change anything

2. (à valeur circonstancielle) [et déjà] than

il n'a pas fini de lire un roman qu'il en commence un autre no sooner has he finished one novel than he starts reading another

[afin que] so that

approche-toi, que je te voie mieux come closer so that I can see you better

[à tel point que]

elle tousse que ça réveille tout le monde (familier) she coughs so much (that) she wakes everybody up

il est têtu que ça en devient un vrai problème (familier) he's so ou that stubborn (that) it's a real problem

[dialecte: parce que]

ne viens pas, que si je te vois je te tue! don't come, 'cos if I see you I'll kill you!

3. (suivi du subjonctif) [pour formuler un ordre, un souhait, une éventualité]

qu'elle parle!

a. [faites-la parler] make her talk!

b. [laissez-la parler] let her speak!

que l'on apporte à boire! bring some drinks!

eh bien, qu'il s'en aille s'il n'est pas content! he can leave if he doesn't like it!

que Dieu nous pardonne may God forgive us

qu'il m'attaque et je dis tout just let him (try and) attack me, and I'll reveal everything

4. (soutenu) [dans une double hypothèse]

il me l'interdirait que je le ferais quand même I would do it even if he forbade me to

5. [répète la conjonction précédente]

quand je serai grande et que j'aurai un métier when I'm grown up and (I) have a job

6. [formule de présentation et d'insistance]

je croyais l'affaire faite et voilà qu'elle n'est pas d'accord I thought the deal was clinched and now I find she disagrees

si je n'ai rien dit, c'est que je craignais de te vexer if I said nothing, it was because I was afraid of upsetting you

que oui! oh yes indeed!

que non! certainly not!

tu n'iras pas — que si! you won't go — oh yes I will ou I will too!

que tu crois/dis! (familier) that's what YOU think/say!

7. [dans une formule interrogative]

est-ce que tu viendras? will you come?

comment qu'il a fait? (familier) how did he manage?

————————

que... ne locution conjonctive

without

aucune décision n'est prise que je ne sois préalablement consulté no decision is made without my being consulted first

————————

que... ou non locution conjonctive

whether... or not

que tu me croies ou non whether you believe me or not

————————

que... (ou) que locution conjonctive

whether... or

qu'il fasse beau, qu'il pleuve, je sors me promener come rain or come shine, I go out for a walk

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > que

15 top

1. n

1) верхівка; вершина (гори); маківка, верх

the top of a mountain — вершина гори

the top of the head — маківка (голови)

2) верхня частина, верхній кінець

the top of a page — верхня частина сторінки

3) шпиль; купол, баня

the top of a church — церковний купол

4) верхня поверхня

box top — кришка ящика

5) найвищий ступінь

6) найвищий ранг; високе становище; перше місце

to take the top of the table — сидіти на найпочеснішому місці

7) людина, яка займає високе становище (перше місце)

the top of the class — перший учень у класі

8) найкраща (відбірна) частина

the top of the milk — вершки

9) початок, ранній етап

the top of the year — початок року

10) жмут (волосся)

11) волосся

12) голова

13) pl закоти (у чоботях)

14) високі чоботи з закотом

15) pl бот. бадилля

beet tops — (бурякова) гичка

16) перо (цибулі)

17) гірн. покрівля (виробки)

18) мет. колошник

19) мор. марс

20) pl хім. дистиляти

21) pl фіз. звуки верхніх частот

22) дзига

2. adj

1) верхній

top copy — перший примірник (тексту, надрукованого на машинці)

top dead centre — авт. верхня мертва точка

top drawer — верхня шухляда

top man — верхній борець (боротьба)

the top right hand corner — верхній правий кут

the top shelf — верхня полиця

top water — гідр. вода вище від продуктивного пласта

2) найвищий, максимальний

top grade — найвищий ґатунок (клас)

top level — найвищий рівень

negotiations on the top level — переговори на найвищому рівні

top note — найвища нота (у співака)

top prices — найвищі ціни

top speed — найбільша (максимальна) швидкість

3) найголовніший

top men — люди, які посідають найвище (керівне) становище (у суспільстві)

top and lop — верховіття

top cord — стропа (парашута)

top crossing — міжсортове (внутрівидове) схрещування

top dog — розм. переможець

top draining — відкритий (поверхневий) дренаж

top gas — мет. колошниковий газ

top grafting — с.г. щеплення у крону

top kick — амер., військ., розм. старшина (роти тощо)

top level conference — нарада на найвищому рівні

top necrosis — с.г. відмирання бадилля

top notch — найвища точка

top of the heap — амер. найвигідніше становище

top secret — «цілком секретно» (гриф)

from top to bottom — з верху до низу

from top to toe — з голови до п'ят

on top of that — а) понад усе, на додаток до усього; б) безпосередньо після чогось

the top of the morning to you! — ірл. доброго ранку!

to be at the top of the tree — займати провідне становище, бути на чолі (чогось)

to come out of the top drawer — бути добре вихованим

to come to the top — відзначитися, добитися успіху (слави)

to go over the top — а) військ. іти в атаку (з траншей); б) зробити рішучий крок, почати діяти

3. у

1) приставляти верхівку; вкривати (зверху)

the mountain was topped with snow — вершина гори була вкрита снігом

2) зрізати верхівку

to top a tree — обрізати верхівку дерева

3) досягати вершини

to top a hill — зійти на гору

4) перевалити (через гору); перестрибнути (через щось)

5) бути вершиною; височіти; увінчувати

a church tops the hill — церква височить на пагорбі

6) бути на чолі (на першому місці)

7) досягати (певної величини)

the fish topped 70 pounds — риба важила понад 70 фунтів

8) переважати, бути першим

9) покривати (новою фарбою); підфарбовувати

10) с.г. підживлювати (посіви)

11) с.г. вивершувати (стіг)

12) с.г. покривати

13) розм. відтинати голову, обезглавлювати

14) повісити (тж top up)

15) спорт. бити по м'ячу зверху

top off — а) оздоблювати, прикрашати; б) закінчувати, завершувати; в) зрізати бадилля (гичку); г) дозаправляти, поповнювати запас до норми

top up — а) докладати, досипати (до краю); доливати (по вінця); б) увінчувати, завершувати

to top one's fruit — показувати товар лицем

* * *
I n
1) верхівка; вершина; верхівка

the top of a mountain — вершина гори

the top of the head — верхівка

the top of a tree — верхівка дерева

at the top of the stairs — нагорі сходів

top climbers — альпіністи, що здійснюють сходження на вершину; штурмова група альпіністів

2) верхня частина, верхній кінець

the top of the house — верх будинку

the top of a page — верхня частина /початок/ сторінки

line 5 from the top — п'ята строчка зверху

the top of a car — верх автомобіля (особливо того, що прибирається)

a top for a kettle — кришка чайника

the top of the street — верхній кінець вулиці

the top of the atmosphere — верхній шар атмосфери

pajama top — верх піжами; піжамна куртка; шпиль; купол; шатер

the top of a church — церковний купол; верхня поверхня

box top — кришка ящика

the top of a table — кришка столу

put the package on the top of the table — покладіть пакет на стіл

on the top of the ground — на поверхні землі

she put the best apples on top — кращі яблука вона поклала нагорі /зверху/; oil always comes to the top нафта завжди спливає на поверхню ( води)

3) тім'я; голова

shaved top — голена голова; дiaл. пучок ( волос); дiaл. волосся

4) вищий ступінь

the top of fashion — останній писк моди

the top of the tide — вища точка приливу, повна води

at the top of ones voice — на повний голос; у всю силу легенів

to shout [to sing]at the top of one's voice — кричати [співати]на повний голос

at the top of one's speed — щодуху

at the top of one's career — на вершині кар'єри

to be on top of one's form — бути в найкращій формі, досягти піку форми

to bring smb to the top of his form — підвести кого-н. до піку форми; вищий ранг, високе положення; перше місце

at the top; of the table — на чолі столу

to take the top of the table — сидіти на найпочеснішому місці

to be at the top of one's profession — займати провідне положення в галузі; вищий ранг, високе положення; перше місце

at the top; of the table — на чолі столу

to take the top of the table — сидіти на найпочеснішому місці

to be at the top of ones profession — займати провідне положення в своїй області; краща, выдбырна частина

the top of the crop — краща частина урожаю

the top of the milk — сливки

a hotel serving the top of society — готель, обслуговуючий еліту /сливки суспільства

5) почало, ранній етап

the top of the year — початок року

6) pl одвороти ( чобіт); високі чоботи з одворотами

7) pl; бoт. бадилля

beet [carrot] tops — бурякове [морквяна]бадилля; перо ( цибулі)

8) кapт. старша карта якої-н. масті ( у руці одного гравця); туз або король; pl дві старші карти якої-н. масті ( у бриджі)

9) гipн. крівля ( вироблення)

10) метал. колошник

11) мop. марс; топ

12) pl; xiм. легкі фракції, дистиляти

13) pl; фiз. звуки верхніх частот

14) удар по м'ячу вище за центр ( гольф)

••

on top — понад, додатково; що переміг, виграв

I'm glad you came on top — я дуже радий, що ви прийшли першим

to come out on top — перемогти в змаганні; займати видне положення, досягати успіху

on top of that — додатково до всього; понад все, без того

to get another 10 per cent on top of that — отримувати понад це ще е десять відсотків; безпосередньо за чим-н.

on top від everything else = on top of that; on top of smth — понад чимось, додатково до чого-н.

its one thing on top of another — весь час то одне, то інше

on top of it all tie wanted to leave her — додатково до всього він хотів залишити її; мало того, він хотів ще залишити її; тримаючи в своїх руках, маючи під своїм контролем

the conductor was always on top or the music — диригент ні на секунду не втрачав контролю над оркестром; = on top of that

on top of the world — у перших рядах; у винятковому /очолюючому/ положенні; на вершині блаженства

to be /to sit, to feel/ on top of the world — бути на сьомому небі /на верху блаженства/; top of the heap найвигідніше положення

(a little bit) off the top — не при своєму розумі

off /out of/ the top of one's head — не подумавши; експромтом

he just said it off the top of his head — він сказав це, не подумавши; = це була його перша /безпосередня/ реакція, не треба надавати значення цим його словам; необдуманий, імпровізований

to the top of smb 's bent — зовсім, повністю, абсолютно; воліти, скільки душі завгодно

from top downward — зверху вниз; з голови до п'ят

from- to toe — з голови до п'ят; з голови до ніг; до кінчиків нігтів, з голови до ніг

they were English from top to toe — це були англійці до кінчиків нігтів

from top to bottom — від низу до верху

(the) top of the morning to youl — добрий ранок!

to be at the top of the tree /of the ladder/ — бути на чолі(чого-н.); займати видне /провідне/ положення (особ. у якиїсь-н. професії)

to be at the top of the bill — бути цвяхом програми ( про актор)

to hit the top — дістатися до самого верху

to come to the top — відрізнитися, добитися успіху /слави/; to go over the top війск. йти в атаку ( з траншей); кинутися в атаку; зробити рішучий крок, почати діяти

to be (the) tops — бути верхом досконалості

you're tops with me — ви для мене верх досконалості

to blow one's top — злитися, виходити з себе; ставати неосудним

to veer /to go/ over the top — переборщувати, перебирати
II a
1) верхній

the top shelf [layer] — верхня полиця [-ий шар]

the top right hand corner — верхній правий кут

top drawer — верхній ящик

top storey — верхній поверх

top stair /step/ (of the staircase) — остання /верхня/ сходинка ( сходи)

top garment — верхній одяг

top — сорту перший екземпляр ( машинописного тексту)

top milk — молоко зі сливками; сливки

top man — верхній борець ( боротьб)

top dead centre — aвт. верхня мертва точка

top water — гiдp. вода вища за продуктивний пласт, верховодка

2) вищий, максимальний; останній

top speed — найбільша /гранична/ швидкість

at top speed — на граничній швидкості

top mark — вищий бал

to get the top mark — отримати вищий бал

top grade — вищий сорт /клас/; top level вищий рівень

negotiations on the top level — переговори на вищому рівні

top prices — найвищі ціни

top note — найвища нота ( у співак)

to be in /on/ top form — cпopт. бути в прекрасній формі, досягти піку форми

top places — вищі /призові/ місця

the top place in a class — перше місце в класі

3) найголовніший, найважливіший; вищий; високопоставлений

top advisers — вищі радники

top command — верховне командування

top executives — вищий е адміністративно-управлінський персонал

top management — вище керівництво, верхівка керівників

a journal for those in the top bracket of management — журнал для вищого ешелона управління

top men — люди, що займають найвище /керівне/ положення ( у суспільстві); важливі персони, великі шишки, ватажки

top positions — головні /ключові/ позиції

4) кращий, перший, ведучий

top pupil — перший /кращий/ учень

top specialist [institute] — провідний фахівець [інститут]

the top brains of the industry — кращі розуми / = мозковий трест/ ( цієї) галузі промисловості

to come top (in history) — виявитися кращим ( по історії); = вирвати вищий бал ( по історії); престижний, привілейований

top firm — фешенебельна фірма

top secret — "абсолютно таємно" ( гриф)

top dog — cл. переможець

to be the top dog — тримати все в своїх руках

top kick — aмep. війск. cпeц. старшина (роти) cл. велика шишка; заправила, бос

the top brass — aмep.; cл. вищі офіцери; ватажки, високе начальство; тузи

the top brass of the government — найвпливовіші члени уряду

to be the top dog — тримати все в своїх руках

to come out of the top drawer — бути добре вихованим; належати до вищого суспільства
III
υ

1) забезпечувати верхівкою; покривати ( зверху)

to top a box — накрити ящик кришкою

a mountain top ped with snow — гора з засніженою вершиною

2) зрізати верхівку

to top a tree [a plant] — обрізати верхівку дерева [рослини]

to top and tail — зрізати обидва кінці, зрізати черенок, хвостик ( у агрусу)

3) досягати рівня, досягати вершини

to top a hill — піднятися на горб

the sun topped the horizon — сонце піднялося над горизонтом; перевалити ( через гору); перестрибнути (через що-н.)

to top the ridge — перевалити ( через) хребет

the horse topped the fence — кінь перестрибнув через огорожу

4) бути завершенням; увінчувати, підноситися

a church tops the hill — церква підноситься на горбі

topped with a steeple — увінчаний шпилем

a statue tops the column — колона увінчана статуєю

5) бути на чолі; стояти на першому місці

to top the list — бути першим в списку, відкривати список

she has never topped the fifth place — вона ніколи не піднімалася вище ніж п'яте місце

6) бути більше (якої-н. величини)

to top smth in height — бути вище чого-н.

he tops his father by half a head — він вище за отця на півголови

the fish topped 75 pounds — риба важила більше 75 фунтів

he topped my score by at least ten points — він випередив мене принаймні на десять очок; перевершувати, бути першим

to top everyone in tennis — краще за всіх грати в теніс

to top the class — бути кращим в класі

it tops all I ever saw — цеперевершує все, що я коли-небудь бачив, нічого подібного /схожого/ я ще не бачив

7) покривати ( новою фарбою), підфарбовувати

8) c-г. проводити підкормку ( посіві)

9) cпopт. ударяти ( по м'ячу) зверху

10) c-г. вивершувати (стіг, скирту)

11) c-г. покривати

••

to top one's fruit — показувати товар лицем

to top ones part — миcт. чудово зіграти свою роль; виходити за рамки образу; витримати роль

and to top it all, — на довершення всього; додатково до всіх нещасть
IV n
дзига

the top sleeps /is asleep/ — дзига крутиться так, що обертання непомітне

old top — старина, друг

to sleep like /as sound as, as fast as/ a top — міцно спати, спати мертвим сном

English-Ukrainian dictionary > top

16 top

I n
1) верхівка; вершина; верхівка

the top of a mountain — вершина гори

the top of the head — верхівка

the top of a tree — верхівка дерева

at the top of the stairs — нагорі сходів

top climbers — альпіністи, що здійснюють сходження на вершину; штурмова група альпіністів

2) верхня частина, верхній кінець

the top of the house — верх будинку

the top of a page — верхня частина /початок/ сторінки

line 5 from the top — п'ята строчка зверху

the top of a car — верх автомобіля (особливо того, що прибирається)

a top for a kettle — кришка чайника

the top of the street — верхній кінець вулиці

the top of the atmosphere — верхній шар атмосфери

pajama top — верх піжами; піжамна куртка; шпиль; купол; шатер

the top of a church — церковний купол; верхня поверхня

box top — кришка ящика

the top of a table — кришка столу

put the package on the top of the table — покладіть пакет на стіл

on the top of the ground — на поверхні землі

she put the best apples on top — кращі яблука вона поклала нагорі /зверху/; oil always comes to the top нафта завжди спливає на поверхню ( води)

3) тім'я; голова

shaved top — голена голова; дiaл. пучок ( волос); дiaл. волосся

4) вищий ступінь

the top of fashion — останній писк моди

the top of the tide — вища точка приливу, повна води

at the top of ones voice — на повний голос; у всю силу легенів

to shout [to sing]at the top of one's voice — кричати [співати]на повний голос

at the top of one's speed — щодуху

at the top of one's career — на вершині кар'єри

to be on top of one's form — бути в найкращій формі, досягти піку форми

to bring smb to the top of his form — підвести кого-н. до піку форми; вищий ранг, високе положення; перше місце

at the top; of the table — на чолі столу

to take the top of the table — сидіти на найпочеснішому місці

to be at the top of one's profession — займати провідне положення в галузі; вищий ранг, високе положення; перше місце

at the top; of the table — на чолі столу

to take the top of the table — сидіти на найпочеснішому місці

to be at the top of ones profession — займати провідне положення в своїй області; краща, выдбырна частина

the top of the crop — краща частина урожаю

the top of the milk — сливки

a hotel serving the top of society — готель, обслуговуючий еліту /сливки суспільства

5) почало, ранній етап

the top of the year — початок року

6) pl одвороти ( чобіт); високі чоботи з одворотами

7) pl; бoт. бадилля

beet [carrot] tops — бурякове [морквяна]бадилля; перо ( цибулі)

8) кapт. старша карта якої-н. масті ( у руці одного гравця); туз або король; pl дві старші карти якої-н. масті ( у бриджі)

9) гipн. крівля ( вироблення)

10) метал. колошник

11) мop. марс; топ

12) pl; xiм. легкі фракції, дистиляти

13) pl; фiз. звуки верхніх частот

14) удар по м'ячу вище за центр ( гольф)

••

on top — понад, додатково; що переміг, виграв

I'm glad you came on top — я дуже радий, що ви прийшли першим

to come out on top — перемогти в змаганні; займати видне положення, досягати успіху

on top of that — додатково до всього; понад все, без того

to get another 10 per cent on top of that — отримувати понад це ще е десять відсотків; безпосередньо за чим-н.

on top від everything else = on top of that; on top of smth — понад чимось, додатково до чого-н.

its one thing on top of another — весь час то одне, то інше

on top of it all tie wanted to leave her — додатково до всього він хотів залишити її; мало того, він хотів ще залишити її; тримаючи в своїх руках, маючи під своїм контролем

the conductor was always on top or the music — диригент ні на секунду не втрачав контролю над оркестром; = on top of that

on top of the world — у перших рядах; у винятковому /очолюючому/ положенні; на вершині блаженства

to be /to sit, to feel/ on top of the world — бути на сьомому небі /на верху блаженства/; top of the heap найвигідніше положення

(a little bit) off the top — не при своєму розумі

off /out of/ the top of one's head — не подумавши; експромтом

he just said it off the top of his head — він сказав це, не подумавши; = це була його перша /безпосередня/ реакція, не треба надавати значення цим його словам; необдуманий, імпровізований

to the top of smb 's bent — зовсім, повністю, абсолютно; воліти, скільки душі завгодно

from top downward — зверху вниз; з голови до п'ят

from- to toe — з голови до п'ят; з голови до ніг; до кінчиків нігтів, з голови до ніг

they were English from top to toe — це були англійці до кінчиків нігтів

from top to bottom — від низу до верху

(the) top of the morning to youl — добрий ранок!

to be at the top of the tree /of the ladder/ — бути на чолі(чого-н.); займати видне /провідне/ положення (особ. у якиїсь-н. професії)

to be at the top of the bill — бути цвяхом програми ( про актор)

to hit the top — дістатися до самого верху

to come to the top — відрізнитися, добитися успіху /слави/; to go over the top війск. йти в атаку ( з траншей); кинутися в атаку; зробити рішучий крок, почати діяти

to be (the) tops — бути верхом досконалості

you're tops with me — ви для мене верх досконалості

to blow one's top — злитися, виходити з себе; ставати неосудним

to veer /to go/ over the top — переборщувати, перебирати
II a
1) верхній

the top shelf [layer] — верхня полиця [-ий шар]

the top right hand corner — верхній правий кут

top drawer — верхній ящик

top storey — верхній поверх

top stair /step/ (of the staircase) — остання /верхня/ сходинка ( сходи)

top garment — верхній одяг

top — сорту перший екземпляр ( машинописного тексту)

top milk — молоко зі сливками; сливки

top man — верхній борець ( боротьб)

top dead centre — aвт. верхня мертва точка

top water — гiдp. вода вища за продуктивний пласт, верховодка

2) вищий, максимальний; останній

top speed — найбільша /гранична/ швидкість

at top speed — на граничній швидкості

top mark — вищий бал

to get the top mark — отримати вищий бал

top grade — вищий сорт /клас/; top level вищий рівень

negotiations on the top level — переговори на вищому рівні

top prices — найвищі ціни

top note — найвища нота ( у співак)

to be in /on/ top form — cпopт. бути в прекрасній формі, досягти піку форми

top places — вищі /призові/ місця

the top place in a class — перше місце в класі

3) найголовніший, найважливіший; вищий; високопоставлений

top advisers — вищі радники

top command — верховне командування

top executives — вищий е адміністративно-управлінський персонал

top management — вище керівництво, верхівка керівників

a journal for those in the top bracket of management — журнал для вищого ешелона управління

top men — люди, що займають найвище /керівне/ положення ( у суспільстві); важливі персони, великі шишки, ватажки

top positions — головні /ключові/ позиції

4) кращий, перший, ведучий

top pupil — перший /кращий/ учень

top specialist [institute] — провідний фахівець [інститут]

the top brains of the industry — кращі розуми / = мозковий трест/ ( цієї) галузі промисловості

to come top (in history) — виявитися кращим ( по історії); = вирвати вищий бал ( по історії); престижний, привілейований

top firm — фешенебельна фірма

top secret — "абсолютно таємно" ( гриф)

top dog — cл. переможець

to be the top dog — тримати все в своїх руках

top kick — aмep. війск. cпeц. старшина (роти) cл. велика шишка; заправила, бос

the top brass — aмep.; cл. вищі офіцери; ватажки, високе начальство; тузи

the top brass of the government — найвпливовіші члени уряду

to be the top dog — тримати все в своїх руках

to come out of the top drawer — бути добре вихованим; належати до вищого суспільства
III
υ

1) забезпечувати верхівкою; покривати ( зверху)

to top a box — накрити ящик кришкою

a mountain top ped with snow — гора з засніженою вершиною

2) зрізати верхівку

to top a tree [a plant] — обрізати верхівку дерева [рослини]

to top and tail — зрізати обидва кінці, зрізати черенок, хвостик ( у агрусу)

3) досягати рівня, досягати вершини

to top a hill — піднятися на горб

the sun topped the horizon — сонце піднялося над горизонтом; перевалити ( через гору); перестрибнути (через що-н.)

to top the ridge — перевалити ( через) хребет

the horse topped the fence — кінь перестрибнув через огорожу

4) бути завершенням; увінчувати, підноситися

a church tops the hill — церква підноситься на горбі

topped with a steeple — увінчаний шпилем

a statue tops the column — колона увінчана статуєю

5) бути на чолі; стояти на першому місці

to top the list — бути першим в списку, відкривати список

she has never topped the fifth place — вона ніколи не піднімалася вище ніж п'яте місце

6) бути більше (якої-н. величини)

to top smth in height — бути вище чого-н.

he tops his father by half a head — він вище за отця на півголови

the fish topped 75 pounds — риба важила більше 75 фунтів

he topped my score by at least ten points — він випередив мене принаймні на десять очок; перевершувати, бути першим

to top everyone in tennis — краще за всіх грати в теніс

to top the class — бути кращим в класі

it tops all I ever saw — цеперевершує все, що я коли-небудь бачив, нічого подібного /схожого/ я ще не бачив

7) покривати ( новою фарбою), підфарбовувати

8) c-г. проводити підкормку ( посіві)

9) cпopт. ударяти ( по м'ячу) зверху

10) c-г. вивершувати (стіг, скирту)

11) c-г. покривати

••

to top one's fruit — показувати товар лицем

to top ones part — миcт. чудово зіграти свою роль; виходити за рамки образу; витримати роль

and to top it all, — на довершення всього; додатково до всіх нещасть
IV n
дзига

the top sleeps /is asleep/ — дзига крутиться так, що обертання непомітне

old top — старина, друг

to sleep like /as sound as, as fast as/ a top — міцно спати, спати мертвим сном

English-Ukrainian dictionary > top

17 ἐν

ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.

① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)

ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.

ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.

ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.²] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.

ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.

ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).

ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.

② marker of a state or condition, in

ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.

ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.

③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.

④ marker of close association within a limit, in

ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.

ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.

ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls² ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls² ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.

⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).

ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’

α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).

β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.

ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl²). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).

⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG² 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).

⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.

⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.

⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)

ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.

ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.

⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when

ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.

ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.

ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.

⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.

⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐν

18 count

I noun
(nobleman in certain countries, equal in rank to a British earl.) conde

- countess

II
1. verb
1) (to name the numbers up to: Count (up to) ten.) contar

2) (to calculate using numbers: Count (up) the number of pages; Count how many people there are; There were six people present, not counting the chairman.) contar

3) (to be important or have an effect or value: What he says doesn't count; All these essays count towards my final mark.) contar, tener importancia

4) (to consider: Count yourself lucky to be here.) considerar(se)

2. noun
1) (an act of numbering: They took a count of how many people attended.) cálculo, recuento

2) (a charge brought against a prisoner etc: She faces three counts of theft.) cargo, acusación

3. adjective
(see countable.)

- countable

- counter

- countless
- countdown
- count on
- out for the count

count vb contar

have you counted the money? ¿has contado el dinero?

she can count to 100 sabe contar hasta 100

that doesn't count eso no cuenta

count

tr[kaʊnt]

noun

1 (act of counting) recuento, cómputo; (of votes) escrutinio; (total) total nombre masculino, suma

■ at the final count the liberals had won 98 seats en el recuento final los liberales habían ganado 98 escaños

2 SMALLLAW/SMALL (crime) cargo

3 (point in discussion, argument) punto; (way, reason) motivo, razón nombre femenino

■ I agree with you on both counts estoy de acuerdo contigo en los dos puntos

transitive verb

1 (gen) contar

■ I'm going to count the money voy a contar el dinero

■ have you tried counting sheep? ¿has intentado contar ovejas?

2 (include) contar

■ there are five in our family, counting me somos cinco en nuestra familia, contándome a mí

■ there'll be 100 people, not counting the children seremos 100 personas, sin contar a los niños

3 (consider) considerar

■ I count you among my best friends te cuento entre mis amigos íntimos

intransitive verb

1 (enumerate) contar

■ she can count up to 20 sabe contar hasta 20

2 (be valid) contar, valer, importar

■ that doesn't count eso no cuenta, eso no vale

■ it's the thought that counts lo que importa es el detalle

■ you're the only one who counts eres el único que me importa

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

don't count your chickens before they're hatched no hay que vender la piel de oso (antes de cazarlo)

on the count of three! ¡a la de tres!

to be out for the count (in boxing) estar fuera de combate 2 (be asleep) estar frito,-a

to count oneself lucky considerarse afortunado,-a

to count the cost of something (consider all likely effects) considerar todos los posibles riesgos de algo 2 (suffer consequences) sufrir las consecuencias de algo

to keep count of something llevar la cuenta de algo

to lose count of something perder la cuenta de algo

blood count recuento de hemoglobina

count noun nombre nombre masculino contable

sperm count cuenta espermática

————————

count

tr[kaʊnt]

noun

1 (nobleman) conde nombre masculino

count ['kaʊnt] vt

: contar, enumerar

count vi

1) : contar

to count out loud: contar en voz alta

2) matter: contar, valer, importar

that's what counts: eso es lo que cuenta

3)

to count on : contar con

count n

1) computation: cómputo m, recuento m, cuenta f

to lose count: perder la cuenta

2) charge: cargo m

two counts of robbery: dos cargos de robo

3) : conde m (noble)

count

n.

• conde s.m.

• cuenta s.f.

• cálculo s.m.

• recuento s.m.

• suma s.f.

• total s.m.

v.

• contar v.

• escrutar v.

kaʊnt
I

noun

1)

a) ( act of counting) recuento m, cómputo m; ( of votes) escrutinio m, recuento m, cómputo m, conteo m (Andes, Ven); ( in boxing) cuenta f, conteo m (Andes, Ven)

to make o (colloq) do a count of something — hacer* un recuento de algo

at the last count — en el último recuento

we'll begin on the count of four — a los cuatro empezamos

to keep/lose count of something — llevar/perder* la cuenta de algo

to be out for the count — estar* fuera de combate

b) ( total) total m

the final count — ( of votes) el recuento or cómputo final

2) ( point)

to be found guilty on all counts — ( Law) ser* declarado culpable de todos los cargos

it's been criticized on several counts — ha sido criticado por varios motivos

3) ( rank) conde m

II
1.

transitive verb

1) (enumerate, add up) contar*

I'm counting the hours till he arrives — no veo la hora de que llegue

2) ( include) contar*

not counting the driver — sin contar al conductor

there'll be fourteen of us, counting you and me — seremos catorce, tú y yo incluidos

3) ( consider) considerar

to count oneself lucky — darse* por afortunado

to count somebody among one's friends — contar* a alguien entre sus (or mis etc) amigos

2.

vi

1) ( enumerate) contar*

2) (be valid, matter) contar*

that doesn't count — eso no cuenta or no vale

every minute counts — cada minuto cuenta

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- count against

- count for

- count in

- count on

- count out

- count toward

I [kaʊnt]
1. N

1) (=act of counting) recuento m ; [of votes] escrutinio m, recuento m ; (Boxing) cuenta f

to keep/lose count (of sth) — llevar/perder la cuenta (de algo)

at the last count — en el último recuento

to make or do a count of sth — hacer un recuento de algo

to be out for the count — estar fuera de combate

2) (=total) recuento m

the final count — (in election) el último recuento

hold the stretch for a count of ten, then relax — estírese y cuente hasta diez, luego relájese
pollen, sperm
3) (Jur) cargo m

he was found guilty on all counts — fue declarado culpable de todos los cargos

he was indicted on two counts of murder — le fueron imputados dos cargos por asesinato

4) (=point)

you're wrong on both counts — estás equivocado en los dos aspectos

I think she deserves recognition on two counts — creo que merece reconocimiento por dos motivos

2. VT

1) (=add up, check) contar

she was counting the days until he came home — contaba los días que faltaban para su vuelta

to count the cost of (doing) sth — (lit) reparar en el coste de (hacer) algo; (fig) reparar en las consecuencias de (hacer) algo
chicken, blessing, cost 1., 1)
2) (=include) contar

not counting the children — sin contar a los niños

ten counting him — diez con él, diez contándolo a él

3) (=consider) considerar

I count you among my friends — te cuento entre mis amigos, te considero amigo mío

I count myself lucky — me considero feliz

count yourself lucky! — ¡date por satisfecho!

3. VI

1) (=add up, recite numbers) contar

can you count? — ¿sabes contar?

counting from the left — contando de izquierda a derecha

counting from today/last Sunday — a partir de hoy/contando desde el domingo pasado

to count (up) to ten — contar hasta diez

2) (=be considered, be valid) valer, contar

that doesn't count — eso no vale, eso no cuenta

every second counts — cada segundo cuenta or es importante

• it will count against him — irá en su contra

• to count as, two children count as one adult — dos niños cuentan como un adulto

a conservatory counts as an extension — un jardín de invierno cuenta como una ampliación de la casa

• ability counts for little here — aquí la capacidad que se tenga sirve de muy poco

4.

CPD

count noun N — (Gram) sustantivo m contable

- count down

- count in

- count on

- count out

- count toward

- count up

- count upon

II

[kaʊnt]
N (=nobleman) conde m
* * *
[kaʊnt]
I

noun

1)

a) ( act of counting) recuento m, cómputo m; ( of votes) escrutinio m, recuento m, cómputo m, conteo m (Andes, Ven); ( in boxing) cuenta f, conteo m (Andes, Ven)

to make o (colloq) do a count of something — hacer* un recuento de algo

at the last count — en el último recuento

we'll begin on the count of four — a los cuatro empezamos

to keep/lose count of something — llevar/perder* la cuenta de algo

to be out for the count — estar* fuera de combate

b) ( total) total m

the final count — ( of votes) el recuento or cómputo final

2) ( point)

to be found guilty on all counts — ( Law) ser* declarado culpable de todos los cargos

it's been criticized on several counts — ha sido criticado por varios motivos

3) ( rank) conde m

II
1.

transitive verb

1) (enumerate, add up) contar*

I'm counting the hours till he arrives — no veo la hora de que llegue

2) ( include) contar*

not counting the driver — sin contar al conductor

there'll be fourteen of us, counting you and me — seremos catorce, tú y yo incluidos

3) ( consider) considerar

to count oneself lucky — darse* por afortunado

to count somebody among one's friends — contar* a alguien entre sus (or mis etc) amigos

2.

vi

1) ( enumerate) contar*

2) (be valid, matter) contar*

that doesn't count — eso no cuenta or no vale

every minute counts — cada minuto cuenta

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- count against

- count for

- count in

- count on

- count out

- count toward

English-spanish dictionary > count

19 К-11

КАК БУДТО (БЫ)
1. Also: КАК ЕСЛИ БЫ
subord Conj introduces a compar clause) (used to convey the unreal, illusory nature of the comparison) just like it would be if
as if (though)
like
(in limited contexts) (so...that) one (it etc) seems to... (Елена Андреевна:) Ты говоришь о своей старости таким тоном, как будто все мы виноваты, что ты стар (Чехов 3). (Е. А.:) You speak of your old age as if we were to blame for it (3a).

(Сорин:) Мне, брат, в деревне как-то не того, и, понятная вещь, никогда я тут не привыкну. Вчера лёг в десять и сегодня утром проснулся в девять с таким чувством, как будто от долгого спанья у меня мозг прилип к черепу и всё такое (Чехов 6). (S.:) For some reason, my boy, I'm not quite myself in the country, and, it stands to reason, I'll never get accustomed to it. I went to bed at ten o'clock last night and woke up at nine this morning feeling as though my brain were stuck to my skull from sleeping so long, and all that sort of thing (6a).

Вы смотрите! - говорил он (бригадир) обывателям, - как только меня завидите, так сейчас в тазы бейте, а потом зачинайте поздравлять, как будто я и невесть откуда приехал!» (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). "Mind you!" he (the brigadier) said to the townsfolk. "Soon as you see me, you bang on dishpans, and then start congratulating me like I'd ridden in from goodness knows where!" (1a).

Потом разрешили одеться и выдали под расписку постель: матрац, такой твердый и тяжёлый, как будто его набили кирпичами... (Марченко 1). Then I was allowed to get dressed and sign out some bedding: a mattress that was so hard and heavy it seemed to be filled with bricks... (1a).

2. (Particle) used to express the speaker's doubt or uncertainty as to the reliability of the information in the statement ( usu. when the speaker is uncertain of his own interpretation, understanding etc of the situation
less often when the speaker is uncertain of the reliability of an outside source of information): ( s.o. (sth.» seems (to) it seems that... it is as if ( s.o. (sth.»looks (as if) apparently (when the reliability of the source of information is in doubt) allegedly ostensibly supposedly purportedly.
Голос у него был прекрасный, громкий и симпатичный, и даже в самом голосе этом как будто заслышалось уже нечто искреннее и простодушное (Достоевский 2). His voice was beautiful, loud, and attractive, and even in this voice itself one seemed to hear something genuine and guileless (2a).

«Флигелёк-то плох -вот беда». - «Помилуй, папаша, - подхватил Аркадий, -ты как будто извиняешься...» (Тургенев 2). "The little lodge is so horrid - that's the worst of it." "Goodness, dad," interposed Arkady, "it's as if you were apologising..." (2b).

От кого ж бы это? — задумчиво говорил Обломов, рассматривая адрес. - Рука как будто знакомая...» (Гончаров 1). "Who could it be from?" mused Oblomov, examining the address. "The handwriting looks familiar..." (1b).

Возле дома, на цветной клумбе, лежала ничком молодая женщина в тёмно-вишнёвом купальнике. Она как будто легла загорать и, разбросив руки, уснула (Чернёнок 1). Near the house, in the flower bed, a young woman in a dark-cherry bathing suit lay facedown. She looked as if she had been sunbathing and had fallen asleep with her arms spread out (1a).

Берия как будто пытался узнать у него тайну прохладительных напитков, а Логидзе не открывал этой тайны (Искандер 4). Beria apparently tried to find out the secret of the soft drinks from him, but Logidze would not reveal it (4a).

«По субботам тебя как будто подменяют. Это от предчувствия свиданья» (Федин 1). ( context transl) "On Saturdays you're like a new man. That's from your anticipation of a date" (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > К-11

20 как будто

• КАК БУДТО (БЫ)

=====

1. Also: КАК ЕСЛИ БЫ [subord conj; introduces a compar clause]

⇒ (used to convey the unreal, illusory nature of the comparison) just like it would be if:

- as if (though);

- like;

- [in limited contexts](so...that) one (it etc) seems to...

     ♦ [Елена Андреевна:] Ты говоришь о своей старости таким тоном, как будто все мы виноваты, что ты стар (Чехов 3). [Е. А.:] You speak of your old age as if we were to blame for it (3a).

     ♦ [Сорин:] Мне, брат, в деревне как-то не того, и, понятная вещь, никогда я тут не привыкну. Вчера лёг в десять и сегодня утром проснулся в девять с таким чувством, как будто от долгого спанья у меня мозг прилип к черепу и всё такое (Чехов 6). [S.:] For some reason, my boy, I'm not quite myself in the country, and, it stands to reason, I'll never get accustomed to it. I went to bed at ten o'clock last night and woke up at nine this morning feeling as though my brain were stuck to my skull from sleeping so long, and all that sort of thing (6a).

     ♦ "Вы смотрите! - говорил он [бригадир] обывателям, - как только меня завидите, так сейчас в тазы бейте, а потом зачинайте поздравлять, как будто я и невесть откуда приехал!" (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). "Mind you!" he [the brigadier] said to the townsfolk. "Soon as you see me, you bang on dishpans, and then start congratulating me like I'd ridden in from goodness knows where!" (1a).

     ♦ Потом разрешили одеться и выдали под расписку постель: матрац, такой твердый и тяжёлый, как будто его набили кирпичами... (Марченко 1). Then I was allowed to get dressed and sign out some bedding: a mattress that was so hard and heavy it seemed to be filled with bricks... (1a).

2. [Particle]

⇒ used to express the speaker's doubt or uncertainty as to the reliability of the information in the statement (usu. when the speaker is uncertain of his own interpretation, understanding etc of the situation, less often when the speaker is uncertain of the reliability of an outside source of information):

- (s.o. < sth.> seems (to);

- it seems that...;

- it is as if;

- (s.o. < sth.> looks (as if);

- apparently;

- [when the reliability of the source of information is in doubt] allegedly;

- ostensibly;

- supposedly;

- purportedly.

     ♦ Голос у него был прекрасный, громкий и симпатичный, и даже в самом голосе этом как будто заслышалось уже нечто искреннее и простодушное (Достоевский 2). His voice was beautiful, loud, and attractive, and even in this voice itself one seemed to hear something genuine and guileless (2a).

     ♦ "Флигелёк-то плох - вот беда". - "Помилуй, папаша, - подхватил Аркадий, - ты как будто извиняешься..." (Тургенев 2). "The little lodge is so horrid - that's the worst of it." "Goodness, dad," interposed Arkady, "it's as if you were apologising..." (2b).

     ♦ "От кого ж бы это? - задумчиво говорил Обломов, рассматривая адрес. - Рука как будто знакомая..." (Гончаров 1). "Who could it be from?" mused Oblomov, examining the address. "The handwriting looks familiar..." (1b).

     ♦ Возле дома, на цветной клумбе, лежала ничком молодая женщина в тёмно-вишнёвом купальнике. Она как будто легла загорать и, разоросив руки, уснула (Чернёнок 1). Near the house, in the flower bed, a young woman in a dark-cherry bathing suit lay facedown. She looked as if she had been sunbathing and had fallen asleep with her arms spread out (1a).

     ♦ Берия как будто пытался узнать у него тайну прохладительных напитков, а Логидзе не открывал этой тайны (Искандер 4). Beria apparently tried to find out the secret of the soft drinks from him, but Logidze would not reveal it (4a).

     ♦ "По субботам тебя как будто подменяют. Это от предчувствия свиданья" (Федин 1). [context transl] "On Saturdays you're like a new man. That's from your anticipation of a date" (1a).

Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > как будто

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